Viruses
Strawberry vein banding virus
Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) is a plant pathogenic virus and a member of the family Caulimoviridae. It was first described by Frazier after differential aphid transmission to susceptible wild strawberries. He identified suitable virus indicator...
Rubella Virus
Rubella virus is the cause of congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first weeks of pregnancy. Humans are the only known host of this virus. It is the only member of the genus of Rubivirus and belongs to the family of Togaviridae....
West Nile Virus
West Nile virus (WNV) is a virus of the family Flaviviridae. It is part of the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex of viruses and is found in both tropical and temperate regions. It primarily infects birds but can infect humans, horses, dogs, cats,...
Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates inside the living cells of organisms. It is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Most are too small to be seen by anything but a microscope and they i...
Vesicular stomatitis virus
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a virus in the family Rhabdoviridae. Rabies is in the same family. VSV infects insects and animals and is important to farmers in certain regions of the world where it can infect cattle. It is a common laboratory vir...
Venezuelan equine encephalitis
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen that causes Venezuelan equine encephalitis or encephalomyelitis (VEE). It can affect all equine species, such as horses, donkeys, and zebras. Equines may suddenly die or show progr...
Vaccinia Virus
Vaccinia virus (VACV or VV) is a large, complex, enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family. It is well-known for its role in eradicating smallpox. It was the first human disease to to successfully be eradicated by science. The World Health Organ...
Turnip Mosaic Virus
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is a Potyvirus of the family Potyviridae which causes diseases in cruciferous plants. The virus is spread by 40-50 species of aphids in a non-persistent manner. Infected plants show symptoms such as a chlorotic local lesions,...
Tobacco Ringspot Virus
Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the plant virus family Comoviridae. It of the type species Comoviridae Genus Nepovirus. Nepoviruses are transmitted between plants by nematodes. It is easily transmitted by sap inoculation an...
Simian immunodeficiency virus
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), also known as African Green Monkey virus, is a retrovirus able to infect at least 33 species of African primates. SIV has been present in monkeys and apes for at least 32,000 years, probably longer. Strains from two...
Semliki Forest virus
The Semliki Forest virus was isolated from mosquitoes in the Semliki Forest in 1942. It can cause disease in both animals and man. It's an Alphavirus found in central, eastern, and southern Africa. It is a positive-stranded RNA virus. It is spread mai...
SARS Coronavirus
The SARS coronavirus is the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). In 2003 the World Health Organization issued a press release stating that the coronavirus identified by a number of laboratories was the official cause of SARS. I...
Rift Valley Fever
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a viral zoonosis that causes fever. It is spread through infected mosquitoes. It was first reported in 1915 in Kenya were it infected livestock. Outbreaks occur across sub-Saharan Africa, and in the "˜77-"˜78 outbreak sever...
Respiratory syncytial virus
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory tract infections and is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection and hospital visits during infancy and childhood. For premature infants and infants with congenital heart disease there is a...
Reoviridae
Reoviridae is a family of viruses that can affect the gastrointestinal system (such as Rotavirus) and respiratory tract. These viruses have genomes consisting of segmented, double-stranded RNA. The name is derived from respiratory enteric orphan viruse...
Rabies Virus
The rabies virus is neurotropic virus, transmissible through the saliva of animals, that causes fatal disease in human and animals. Rabies is the type species of the Lyssavirus genus of Rhabdovirdae family. They are enveloped and single stranded RNA ge...
Potato Virus Y
Potato virus Y (PVY) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. It is one of the most important plant viruses affecting potatoes. Infection results in various symptoms depending on the strain. Production loss is the most mild of the symptom...
Polyomavirus
Polyomavirus is the sole genus of viruses within the family Polyomaviridae. Ludwik Gross discovered the first polyomavirus, Murine polyomavirus, in 1963. Many polyomaviruses infect birds and mammals and have been extensively studied as tumor viruses in...
Polydnaviruses
The Polydnaviruses (PDV) are a family of insect viruses that contain two genera: Ichnoviruses (IV) and Bracoviruses (BV). The ichnoviruses occur in ichneumonid wasps and bracoviruses in braconid wasps. The virus is composed of multiple segments of doub...
Poliovirus
Poliovirus, the causative agent of poliomyelitis and a member of the family of Picornaviridae, is a human enterovirus. It is composed of an RNA genome that is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA. It was first isolate in 1909 and was published in 1981....
Phocine distemper virus
Phocine distemper virus (PDV) is a pathogenic for pinniped species such as seals. Signs include labored breathing, fever, and nervous symptoms. It was first identified in 1988 as the cause of death of 18,000 harbour seals along the northern European co...
Molluscum contagiosum
The Molluscum contagiosum virus, MCV, is a virus, in the poxvirus family, that causes the disease Molluscum contagiosum in humans. The virions have a complex structure that is consistent with the structure of the poxvirus family. Since the virus ca...
Cottontail Rabbit Papilloma Virus
The cottontail rabbit papilloma virus (CRPV), is a type I virus under the Baltimore scheme and posses a non-segmented dsDNA genome. It infects rabbits by causing keratinous carcinomas usually near the animal's head. These tumors eventually interfere wi...
B19 Virus
The B19 virus, referred to as parvovirus B19, was first known human virus in the family of parvovirus. It causes a childhood rash called fifth disease or commonly called slapped cheek syndrome. Discovered in 1975 by Yvonne Cossart, the virus gained its...
Parapoxviruses
Parapoxviruses, belonging to the Poxviridae family, are oval, relatively large, double-stranded DNA viruses. They have a unique spiral coat that distinguishes them from other poxviruses. Some of the viruses are zoonotic but not all. Zoonotic hosts incl...
Papillomaviridae
Papillomaviridae is a taxonomic family of non-enveloped DNA viruses, collectively known as papillomaviruses. There are several hundred species, or types, of papillomaviruses that have been identified. Most infections are asymptomatic or cause small ben...
Norovirus
Norovirus is an RNA virus that causes approximately 90% of epidemic non-bacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world. It may also be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the U.S. It can affect people of all ag...
Mumps Virus
Mumps virus causes mumps which is a common childhood disease characterized by swelling of the parotid glands and other epithelial tissues causing high morbidity in some cases deafness. Infection is currently restricted to humans while the virus is tran...
Monkeypox
Monkeypox virus causes monkeypox in both humans and animals. It was first found in 1958 in macaque monkeys that were being used as laboratory animals. The monkeys are often used for neurological experiments. The virus is typically found in rainforest r...
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV), first discovered in January 2008, is one of seven human tumor viruses. It is suspected to cause most of Merkel cell carcinoma which is a rare, aggressive form of skin cancer. Around 80% of Merkel cell carcinoma ...
Marburg virus
Marburg virus, or Marburg, is the standard name for the genus of viruses Marburgvirus which contains the species, Lake Victoria Marburgvirus. It causes Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever (MHF) which originated with primates. It originated in Africa and can infe...
Kaposi
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) one of seven currently known human cancer virus, is also the eighth human herpesvirus. Kaposi's sarcoma, caused by the virus, is common in AIDS patients, primary effusion lymphoma, and some types of multic...
Influenza A Virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals. It is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Although the virus is uncommon several strains have been isolated from wild birds. Some can cause severe disease in domestic poultry ...
Human Papillomavirus
A human papillomavirus (HPV), a member of the papillomavirus family, is capable of infecting humans. HPVs establish productive infections in the skin or mucous membranes. Most of the 200 known types cause no symptoms in most people. Some types can caus...
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a lentivirus, causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which is a condition in humans were the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Infection is transferred thro...
Herpesviridae
The Herpesviridae, a large family of DNA viruses, causes disease in animals and humans. Members of this family are known as herpesviruses. They all share a common structure where they are composed of relatively large double-stranded, linear DNA genomes...
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), are two members of the virus family Herpesviridae that infect humans. They are both ubiquitous and contagious and can spread when an infected person is producing and shedding the virus. Symptoms include...
Hepatitis E Virus
Hepatitis E virus is an infective organism. The viral particles are 27 to 34 nanometers in diameter. They are non-enveloped and contain a single-strand of positive-sense RNA which is approximately 7300 bases in length. The virus was first visualize...
Hepatitis C Virus
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. It consists of a core of genetic material surrounded by an icosahedra protective shell of protein. The genome consists of a single open readin...
Hepatitis B Virus
Hepatitis B virus, HBV, is a part of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. HBV can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and has been linked to pancreatic cancer. It is classified as a species of the Orthohepadnavirus. Similar viruses have...
Baculoviruses
The baculoviruses, are a family of large rod-shaped viruses, divided into two genera: nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPV) and granuloviruses (GV). Baculoviruses have species-specific tropisms among the invertebrates with over 600 host species having been desc...
Hepadnavirus
Hepadnaviruses can cause liver infections in humans and animals. The two recognized genera are Genus Orthohepadnavirus and Genus Avihepadnavirus. It has a small genome of partially double-stranded, partially single stranded circular DNA. It is a group ...
Henipavirus
Henipavirus, a genus of the Paramyxoviridae family, contains two members: Hendravirus and Nipahvirus. Pteropid fruit bats are natural harborers of the henipaviruses. They are characterized by a large genome, a wide host range, and their zoonotic pathog...
Hantavirus
Hantavirus is part of the Bunyaviridae family. This family is divided into 5 genera: Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, Phlebovirus, Tospovirus, and Hantavirus. Hantaviruses have genomes comprising three negative-sense, single-stranded RNA segments. Viruses ...
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus, a herpes viral genus, is known in humans as HCMV. It is part of the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily. Other herpesviruses fall into the subfamilies of Alphaherpesvirinae or Gammaherpesvirinae. xHCMV infections are frequently associated wi...
Cowpox Virus
The Cowpox virus causes a skin disease known as cowpox. It is related to the vaccinia virus and gained its name because it spread by dairymaids touching the udders of infected cows. It manifests as red blisters. It is similar to smallpox although much ...
Rhinovirus
Human rhinoviruses are the most common viral ineffective agents in humans and are the cause of the common cold. The infection proliferates between 33-35 °C causing most reproduction to occur in the nose. It is a species in the genus Enterovirus of t...
Peritonitis
Peritonitis (FIP) affects cats and is lethal. Some believe it is the cause of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV) which is a mutated form of Feline Enteric Coronavirus. The most common theory is that the normally benign FECV mutates into FIPV. T...
Flavivirus
Flavivirus is a genus of the family Flaviviridae. This genus includes the West Nile Virus, Dengue Virus, Tick-borne Encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and quite a few others. Flaviviruses get their name from the yellow fever virus. Flavus means ye...
Filoviridae
Filoviridae family of viruses belongs to the order of Mononegavirales. Filoviruses cause hemorrhagic fever often with fatal bleeding and coagulating abnormalities. The name comes from the Latin word filum, which alludes to the thread-like appearance of...
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis
Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR), caused by feline herpesvirus 1, is an upper respiratory infection of cats. It can also be referred to as feline influenza or feline coryza. FVR causes one-half of respiratory disease in cats. Feline calicivirus is an...
Feline Leukemia Virus
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV), a retrovirus that infects cats, is transmitted between infected cats through saliva and nasal secretions. If the cat's immune system does not take care of the disease then it can be lethal due to it being a cancer of blood...
Feline Calicivirus
Feline calicivirus (FCV), in the Caliciviridae family, is one of two important viral causes of respiratory infection in cats. FCV can be isolated from around 50 percent of cats with upper respiratory infection. The various strains of FCV vary in vi...
Equine Infectious Anemia
Equine Infectious Anemia, also called swamp fever, transmitted by bloodsucking insects infects horses and is cause by a retrovirus. It is endemic in the Americas, parts of Europe, the Middle and Far East, Russia, and South Africa. It is a lentivirus, s...
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE), also called sleeping sickness or Triple E, is a zoonotic alphavirus and arbovirus that exists in the Americas and the Caribbean. It was first seen in Massachusetts in 1831 when 75 horses died of encephalitic ill...
Cypovirus
Cypoviruses or CPV, are a genus of viruses in the Reoviridae family. The virions structure is similar to other reoviruses with a genome composed of 10 segments of double-stranded RNA. The virions are embedded in a protein matrix in order to form struct...
Coronavirus
Coronavirus, a species in the genera of animal virus, belongs to the subfamily Coronavirinae in the family Coronaviridae. They are enveloped viruses with single-stranded RNA genome and a helical symmetry. The genome size ranges from 16 to 31 kilobases....
Coccolithovirus
Coccolithovirus, a giant double-stranded DNA virus, infects Emiliania huxleyi, a species of coccolithophore. The virus was first observed in 1999 by W.H. Wilson and his team at the Marine Biological Association. It was sequenced for the EhV-86 strain d...
Sin Nombre Virus
The Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is the agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Originally called "Four Corners Virus" or "Navajo Flu", but was changed after local residents objected. Near the home of one of the initial patients, the virus w...
Epstein-Barr Virus
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or human herpesvirus 4, is part of the herpes family and causes cancer. It is one of the most common viruses in humans and is correlated to the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, s...
BK Virus
The BK virus, a member of the polyomavirus family, has no major consequences of infected except with those that are immunocomprimised or immunosuppressed. The virus was first isolated in 1971 from the urine sample of a renal transplant patient whose in...
Parvovirus B19
The B19 virus, or parvovirus, was the first found human virus in the parvovirus family. It causes a childhood rash called fifth disease also commonly called slapped cheek syndrome. Yvonne Cossart discovered it by chance in 1975. It gained its name, B19...
Human Parainfluenza Viruses
Human parainfluenza viruses, belonging to the paramyxovirus family, are a group of four distinct serotypes of enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses. They are the second most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in younger children. Man...
Canine parvovirus
Canine parvovirus type 2 is a virus affecting dogs. It is highly contagious and spread from dog to dog through direct or indirect contact with feces. It can be highly dangerous for puppies that don't have maternal antibodies. It can present in cardiac ...
Canine coronavirus
Canine coronavirus, of the Coronaviridae family, is a virus that causes a highly contagious intestinal disease in dogs. It was discovered in 1971 in Germany during an outbreak in sentry dogs. It replicates in the villi of the small intestine. Intes...
Bovine Papillomavirus
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV), of the Papillomaviridae family, is a group of DNA viruses common in cattle. The virus can cause warts of the skin and alimentary tract and in rare cases cancer. It is also though that equine sarcoid, a skin tumor, is brough...
Bluetongue Disease
Bluetongue disease is a viral disease that is non-contagious, non-zoonotic, and insect-borne. It is mainly found in sheep and less commonly in cattle, goats, buffalo, deer, dromedaries, and antelope. It is not transmissible to humans. The virus is p...
Avipoxvirus
Avipoxvirus, a member of poxviridae family, only affects birds. The Poxviridae family of virus can cause the victim organism to have poxes as a symptom. They generally have large genomes. Other examples include smallpox and monkeypox. Although slow to ...
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus
Alfalfa mosaic virus, or AMV, is a worldwide phytopathogen that can cause necrosis and yellow mosaics on a variety of plant species. It is the only Alfamovirus of the Bromoviradae family. Weimer J.L. was the first to report AMV in Alfalfa, in 1931. Aph...
African Swine Fever Virus
The African Swine Fever virus, ASFV, is a double-stranded DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells. It can affect most pigs, wild and domesticated, as well as soft ticks. It is the only virus with a DNA genome that is transmitted by...