On Papandayan, a violently-steaming fumarole--vents or openings that emit steam

On Papandayan, a violently-steaming fumarole--vents or openings that emit steam, hydrogen sulfide or other gases from beneath the earth's surface--produces a steam plume several hundred meters high in the crater wall near the site of an eruption that took place in 2001. The eruption transformed much of the caldera (the circular depression at the summit of the volcano) of Papandayan, in Java, Indonesia, into a moon-like landscape. Deposits of block and ash flows cover the ground and are deeply cut by erosion from rainwater. (Date of Image: August 2004)