Energy Consumption By Sector
Posted on: Tuesday, 22 July 2008, 03:00 CDT
By Anonymous
Note 1. Energy Consumption Data and Surveys. M ost of the data in this section of the M onthuy Energy Review (MER) are developed from a group of energy-related surveys, typically caled "supply surveys," conducted by the Energy Information Administration (EIA). Supply surveys are directed to suppliers and m arketers of specific energy sources. They measure the quantlies of specific energy sources produced, or the quantities supplied to the m arket, or both. The data obtained from EIA s supply surveys are integrated to yield the summary consumption statistics published in this section (and in section 1) of the M ER. Users of EIA s energy consumption statistics should be aw are of a second group of energy-related surveys, typically called "consumption surveys." Consumption surveys gather inform atbn on the types of energy consum ed by end users of energy, along w ith the characteristics of those end users that can be associated w ith energy use. For example, the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey belongs to the consumption survey group because it collects information directly from end users (the manufacturing establishments). There are important differences between the supply and consumption surveys that need to be taken into account in any analysis that uses both data sources. For inform atbn on those differences, see Energy Consumption by End-Use sector, A Comparison of Measures by Consumption and Supply Surveys, DOE/EIA-0533, Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC ,April 6,1990.
Note 2. Electrical System Energy Losses. Electrical system energy losses are calculated as the difference between total primary consumption by the electric power sector (see Table 2.6) and the total energy content of electricity retail sales (see Tables 7.6 and A 6 ). Most of these losses occur at steam -electric power plants (conventional and nuclear) in the conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy to turn electric generators. The loss is a themodynamically necessary feature of the steam electric cycle. Part of the energy input-to-output losses is a result of im puting fossil energy equivalent inputs for hydroelectric and other energy sources, since there is no generally accepted practice for measuring those them al conversion rates. Ii addition to conversion losses, other losses include powerplant use of electricity, transmission and distribution of electricity from pow er plants to enduse consumers (also called "line losses"), and unaccounted for electricity. Total losses are allocated to the end-use sectors in proportion to each sectors share of total electricity sales. Overall, approximately 67 percent of total energy input is lost in conversion; of electricity generated, approximately 5 percent is lost in plant use and 9 percent is lost in transmission and distribution. Copyright Superintendent of Documents Jun 2008
(c) 2008 Monthly Energy Review. Provided by ProQuest Information and Learning. All rights Reserved.
Source: Monthly Energy Review
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