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Growth Factor Associated With More Deadly Breast Tumors

Posted on: Tuesday, 3 February 2009, 15:33 CST

When a woman’s breast cancer responds to insulin-like growth factor – a naturally occurring protein in the body – it means that the tumor is particularly aggressive and less likely to respond to treatment, said researchers at Baylor College of Medicine in a report that appears in the current issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

Critical timing

"These findings come at a critical time," said Adrian V. Lee, Ph.D., associate professor in the Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center at BCM and senior author of the study. "Our goal is to identify biomarkers that will help predict which patients will respond to therapy against insulin-like growth factor."

With several inhibitors of the IGF pathway in patient studies right now, Lee noted, "There's a large movement to understand which patients will respond to these drugs. This is a step toward that goal."

Growth factor response

In this study, Lee and his colleagues stimulated breast cancer cells with IGF-I in the laboratory and defined how more than 800 genes in the cells responded to the growth factor . They then examined samples of patient breast tumors with this "gene signature" and correlated the gene signatures with the fate of the patients.

"We have technology now to allow us to globally assess what IGF is doing in breast cancer at the whole gene expression level," said Lee. "This is one of the first studies to do that. We know that IGF is bad in cancer, but now we can globally understand it in a more comprehensive manner. It could lead to finding biomarkers for patients response" to breast cancer treatments.

"We found that IGF-I is a major regulator of cell growth and cell survival," said Lee. "It also regulates DNA repair."

Implications for treatment

This has major implications for anti-cancer treatments that seek to cause DNA damage and tumor cell death.

"If you have something regulating DNA repair, you want that turned off," said Lee.

They found that tumors in which IGF (insulin-like growth factor) affected the way in which genes were activated or translated into messages were more aggressive and more likely to grow. They also found that the effect of IGF was independent of whether the tumor was affected by estrogen or not.

"This is very important," said Lee. "Once patients are resistant to hormone treatment (as with tamoxifen), their treatment options are limited. A treatment that inhibited receptors for IGF might give them another option."

Currently, the Breast Center is studying the effects of an IGF receptor antibody combined with a drug called exemestane (Aromasin® or an aromatase inhibitor that blocks estrogen production) in postmenopausal women. One group of women takes the combination and the other takes exemestane.

Bioinformatics a key component

Bioinformatics – the ability to analyze large amounts of data – proved key to the study, said Lee. In fact, the first author, Dr. Chad J. Creighton of BCM, is a bioinformatician, said Lee.

Others who took part in this research include Angelo Casa, ZaWaunyka Lazard, Shixia Huang, Anna Tsimelzon, Susan G. Hilsenbeck and C. Kent Osborne, all of BCM.

Funding for this work came from the National Institutes of Health and the Baylor College of Medicine / AstraZeneca Alliance.

The full article is available at http://jco.ascopubs.org/


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