Depression and Cognitive Disorders: at the Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease
(PINKSHEET: MRES) (OTCQB: MRES) introduces a Neuro-biomarker which
is linked to a series of Neuro-Bio tests. This will permit to understand
the science behind them and how they each will contribute to a
progressive clinical investigation involving the input and output of the
brain. All Neuro-biomarkers are expressed with a numeric value to
ensure that doctors can rapidly see and comprehend how the results will
confirm their diagnoses, therefore allowing them to successfully find
and manage the best therapeutical approach.
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a chronic disorder that slowly and
progressively destroys neurons, was first described by
still unknown, several possibilities such as extracellular -amyloid and
hyperphosphorylated tau proteins hypothesises were investigated but the
results were not conclusive (Zekanowski et al., 2004). However, new
theories related to electrolytes like calcium, magnesium, zinc and their
relationships are being studied to find how the neurodegenerative
process gradually begins (Bojarski et al., 2008).
The relationship between the dopaminergic and cholinergic mechanisms was
first studied in regards to postural tremor in monkeys and circling
movements in cats (Poirier et al., 1974) in response to drugs. The
measurement of specific enzymes activities as well as the turnover rate
of catecholamines and indolamines, allow the understanding of the
contribution of ChAT (choline acetyl-transferase) and GAD synthesising
enzyme to the Krebs cycle (the metabolic pathway within the cells) in
affecting the release of ATP by the mitochondria, responsible for the
level of cellular energy that influence the internal and external
cellular homeostasis. In this respect, brain specific enzyme activity of
ChAT, tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, DOPA /5HTP
decarboxylase and DBH and their biochemical parameters were respectively
studied in cats and rats using several drugs and electrolytes such as
aluminium, calcium, copper, iron etc (Bouchard et al., 1981; Dontigny &
Roberge, 1984; Nadeau & Roberge, 1988; Blais & Roberge, 1991; Fortin &
Roberge, 1992; Nucloseph et al., 1996).
To further understand the neurobiology of AD through chemical events,
memory mechanisms were studied in cats using various learning tests such
as “go-no-go discrimination,” “delayed response,” and “visual
discrimination.” In normal cats, an increase in the specific ChAT
activity corresponds to an increased turnover rate of the
neurotransmitters (Kitsikis et al., 1973,1981., Boisvert, 1978; Everett
& Roberge, 1981; Vachon et al., 1983). On the other hand, the
inducibility of ChAT (choline acetyl-transferase)Â was studied in order
to understand how neuronutrition with appropriate nutrients will favour
the increased acetylcholine release. It was successfully demonstrated by
an increase in ChAT activity with nutrients such as cobalamine,
phosphatidylethanolamine and neutral amino acids.
Experiments and studies done on several species demonstrated that the
brain noradrenergic and cholinergic pathways in the mesolimbic system
are in a close relationship with the HPAS Axis: cognitive disorders &
depression taming emotions. In this respect, early diagnosis at the age
of 35, will allow to distinguish between “senility”, “senile dementia”
related to age, “vascular dementia” and the malignant disease called
“AD”and will later significantly contribute to clarify the real cause of
death. As AD is a multiparametrical and evolutive disease, an
appropriate follow-up could be developed based on a
neurobio-psycho-socio-environmental approach, to improve the patient’s
quality of life.
In summary, the ChAT enzyme activity could be induced and following
several learning tests, an increase in specific ChAT enzyme activity was
observed as well as a significant change in the turnover rate of
serotonin and noradrenaline in the structures belonging to the
mesolimbic system. With this close relationship with the HPAS Axis
(cognitive disorders & depression taming emotions, this clinical feature
should be clinically evaluated upon reaching 35 years of age (WHO, 2000).
Contact:
Neuro-Biotech Corp.
Dr
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500 05 16
info@neuro-agora.com
www.neuro-biotechcorp.com
SOURCE Neuro-Biotech Corp.