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Discovery of Virus Buoys Prospects for Research into Prostate Cancer

Posted on: Sunday, 26 February 2006, 09:00 CST

By Paul Elias

In a surprising discovery, researchers said Friday they had found a virus in some prostate cancer patients, a discovery that opens new research avenues in the most common major cancer among men in the United States.

The virus, closely related to one previously detected only in mice, was found in cancerous prostates removed from men with a certain genetic defect.

The researchers, with the University of California, San Francisco, and the Cleveland Clinic, warn that they have not discovered any links between the virus and prostate cancer, but nonetheless, they were excited about prospects for research.

"It is a very exciting discovery," said Dr. Eric Klein of the Cleveland Clinic, who presented the findings at an American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting. "There is now a suggestion that prostate cancer could be caused by an infectious disease."

Infectious disease-causing viruses are already blamed for causing some liver cancers and cervical cancer. That has planted nagging suspicions in the minds of scientists that some diseases may play important roles alongside genetics, environment and chance in causing breast, stomach and several other forms of cancer.

Researchers are not sure how the virus infected people, but suspect it has been passed on genetically for many generations.

"This is a class of virus no one would have looked for in prostate cancer," said Joe DeRisi, a UCSF researcher who developed the so-called "gene chip" that made the discovery. DeRisi's chip contains 20,000 snippets of vital genetic material from every known virus. The same chip had confirmed a previously undiscovered virus in the cold family that caused the SARS outbreak three years ago.

After hearing of that success, Klein sent DeRisi samples of 86 cancerous prostates he had removed from patients. DeRisi then placed DNA from the cancerous tissues on the chip, and DNA from eight of 20 patients with two copies of a mutated gene matched with DNA from the mouse virus.

The gene is a vital cog in the body's defense system, coding for an enzyme that helps kill invading viruses. The men with the mutated genes make fewer such enzymes than those with normal versions of the gene.

The virus was found in just one of the 66 other patients, suggesting that genetics play a significant role in the virus' connection to cancer.

The researchers said they now will test hundreds of prostate patients and are developing a diagnostic tool to test for the virus in the blood. That way they could test thousands of patients and non- patients alike and determine whether the virus, which causes cancer in mice, is linked to prostate cancer.

The researchers also want to determine the prevalence of the virus in humans and whether it is exclusive to prostate patients. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death among men older than 50.

Source: Buffalo News

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