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Detective work in the lab

Posted on: Sunday, 10 August 2003, 06:00 CDT

FORENSIC scientist Primulapathi Jaya does not handle dead bodies. Instead, he specialises in forensic DNA analysis, a sub-specialty in forensic science that examines DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid), a complex chemical substance found in human cells that stores the unique blueprint for each individual.

As a forensic DNA analyst, Primulapathi Jaya uses these `molecular fingerprints' to help identify victims of unnatural deaths, resolve paternity suits and pinpoint criminals.

The popular TV series CSI may have propelled forensic science into the public limelight, but in reality, the job is neither that heart-pounding nor glamorous, Primulapathi cautions.

He says: "With such TV programmes, the public now has a better perception of the forensic scientist and his work. However, while my friends can see it is a highly specialised job, they may not appreciate the back-breaking laborious work it entails and being constantly on call."

He adds that the serology/DNA laboratory has to run 24 hours, requiring his team of forensic DNA analysts to work on shift, including weekend duties and daily standby schedules.

As head of the Serology/DNA Section of the Forensic Division of the Department of Chemistry, Primulapathi and his team will be required to examine bodily fluids associated with (usually) court cases to provide a report that can stand legal scrutiny.

He said: "We carry out analyses on exhibits submitted by the police and other enforcement agencies. Basically, it is hands-on laboratory work, writing reports on the findings and carrying out research on new techniques in forensic DNA analysis.

Part of his work routine has also included taking the witness stand while lawyers dissect his report and evidence.

"You can expect to be grilled the whole day, especially the first time you take the stand, and you must be able to withstand that," says Primulapathi as he recalls a time when he had to undergo a cross- examination session that went on for five days.

With 25 years of forensic research experience backing his work, Primulapathi takes it all in his stride as his team continues to provide credible and crucial evidence to help nail the guilty and free the innocent.

Intriguing, meticulous investigative work THE serology/DNA section is one of five units in the forensic division of the Department of Chemistry Malaysia. The other sections are Narcotic Section (dangerous drugs identification and analysis), Criminalistic Section (arson, firearm and explosion investigation), Toxicology Section (poisoning), and Document Examination Section (forgeries).

How to qualify for this profession

You will need a basic degree, at least a BSc (Hons), majoring in chemistry, biology or genetics. Universiti Sains Malaysia is now offering a BSc majoring in Forensic Science. However, all recruits into the forensic division will be expected to gain experience in all five sections before they can sub-specialise in DNA analysis, with overseas training stint.

Useful skills/personality traits

Patience, integrity and honesty are essential traits, along with efficiency, dedication, keen eye for detail and an inquisitive mind.

It is also important to have self-confidence and the ability to explain scientific data and present a complex process in simple terms to judge and jury when providing court testimony.

Should not be squeamish about viewing or collecting evidence during crime scene investigation.

What you like about your work

The satisfaction of assisting the police and the courts in ensuring that justice is served. Scientific evidence will be presented as facts which can help to ensure that the innocent will be exonerated and the guilty punished. It is satisfying to know that I have done my part well and that my report will be used in court as part of the evidence.

Significant changes in the field

Tremendous advances have been made especially in the area of forensics and DNA analysis. Since we first started in 1994, the technology has progressed by leaps and bounds. Manual analysis that used to take six to eight weeks now takes just one to two weeks, and in some instances, only one day.

Occupational hazards

These would be the normal health hazards of contact with bodily fluids like blood, semen, saliva, and decayed tissues and bones.

Career prospects

Right now, the local prospects are in the government sector. Overseas, however, certain form of DNA analysis may be carried out in private labs.

Salary range expected

According to the civil service remuneration scheme, a new recruit will most probably start at RM1,600.

Professional bodies to join, if any

There's the Malaysian Institute of Chemistry and the International Society of Forensic Genetics, based in Europe.

Any personal advice?

Don't get so caught up with the glamour of the CSI television series, as very often the forensic scientist's work doesn't get noticed at all. Be prepared to work hard. This job is not about monetary returns, but rather the satisfaction of seeing justice done and helping individuals in need.

Career: Forensic DNA scientist

Name: Primulapathi Jaya

Age: 50 years

Education: BSc (Hons); MSc

Specialisation: Forensic blood analysis, University of Strathclyde,

UK (1988)

Forensic DNA analysis, Forensic Science Services,

UK (1994)

Forensic Mitochondrial DNA analysis,

Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Maryland,

USA (2000)

Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology,

Hyderabad, India (2002)

Current position: Head of Serology/DNA Section,

Forensic Division, Chemistry Department of Malaysia

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