The origin of the exquisitely complex vertebrate brain is somewhat mysterious.

WOBURN, Mass., Feb.

Just like people, some proteins have characteristic ways of "walking," which (also like human gaits) are not so easy to describe.

New fluorescent labeling technology that distinguishes in a single image the population size and spatial distribution of 15 different taxa has uncovered new taxon pairings that indicate unsuspected cooperation -- and standoffishness -- between members of the microbe biofilm that covers teeth.

One helpful action anyone can take in response to global warming is to plant trees and preserve forests.