Astronauts anticipate more trips to the moon and manned missions to Mars, but exposure to cosmic radiation outside the Earth’s magnetic field could be detrimental to their arteries.

The United Nations (UN) should prepare a course of action, just in case the Earth should ever be contacted by extraterrestrials, scientists say in a new, extraterrestrial focused edition of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A.

An often-overshadowed branch of the United Nations known as the Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) mostly has earthly concerns on its agenda.

Earth observation satellites in low orbit are continually buffeted by the wisps of atmosphere that remain. Predicting how much air drag a satellite can encounter is critical to the design, cost and operation of a mission – an ESA study shows how.

Where does space begin? Scientists have created a new instrument that is able to track the transition between the relatively gentle winds of Earth's atmosphere and the more violent flows of charged particles in space.