Researchers have known that overweight children tend to have “flatter” feet than their normal-weight peers, but it has not been clear whether the problem is because of a potential problem in the structure of the foot bone or simply extra fat padding. A new study suggests it could be both.
Generally, people with flat feet have a lowered arch at the inside of the foot, which typically makes them leave a complete footprint on a flat surface. All babies and toddlers have flat feet, with the arch developing during childhood. Obese children are more likely to retain a flat foot. It has been assumed that this is because their extra weight creates a fallen arch.
Another possibility, though, is that most heavier children have more fat padding on the soles of their feet.
This is important because flat feet caused by lower arches can cause problems for some people. Some children and adults can have severe foot pain, and in the long-term, flat feet can contribute to ankle and back pain.
In the new study, published in the International Journal of Obesity, Australian researchers used ultrasound tests to examine the feet of 75 obese children and 75 normal-weight children between the ages of 6 and 10.
They found that obese children were in fact more likely to have fat padding on the soles of their feet. But they also found that overweight children also tended to have lower arches.
The researchers, led by Dr. Diane L. Riddiford-Harland of the University of Wollongong, said it remained unclear what that might mean for obese children’s foot function or risk of future musculoskeletal problems.
They say more research is needed to follow children over time, to see how obesity and possible weight loss might affect the structure and health of their feet over time.
When it comes to flat-footedness in children in general, recent studies showed positive results. A study published in the journal Pediatrics last year, found that among 11- to 15- year-olds, there was no link between arch-height and their performances on motor-skill tests, such as balance and jumping.
Flat feet that cause no pain generally do not need any special therapies. But if a child does have pain, a doctor may recommend arch supports for shoes or physical therapy.
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