Less than a month after declaring polar bears a threatened species because of global warming, the Bush administration is giving oil companies permission to search for oil and natural gas among them.
The Fish and Wildlife Service issued regulations this week providing legal protection to seven oil companies planning to search for oil and gas in the Chukchi Sea off the northwestern coast of Alaska, even if “small numbers” of polar bears or Pacific walruses are incidentally harmed by their activities over the next five years.
Environmentalists said the new regulations give oil companies a blank check to harass the polar bear.
About 2,000 of the 25,000 polar bears in the Arctic live in and around the Chukchi Sea, where the government in February auctioned off oil leases to ConocoPhillips Co., Shell Oil Co. and five other companies for $2.6 billion. Over objections from environmentalists and members of Congress, the sale occurred before the bear was classified as threatened in May.
Polar bears are naturally curious creatures and sensitive to changes in their environment. Vibrations, noises, unusual scents and the presence of industrial equipment can disrupt their quest for prey and their efforts to raise their young in snow dens.
However, the Fish and Wildlife Service said, oil and gas exploration will have a negligible effect on the bears’ population.
“The oil and gas industry, in operating under the kind of rules they have operated under for 15 years, has not been a threat to the species,” H. Dale Hall, the Fish and Wildlife Service’s director, said Friday. “It was the ice melting and the habitat going away that was a threat to the species over everything else.”
The agency made no secret that oil and gas operations would continue in polar bear territory when it announced May 14 that melting sea ice threatened the creature’s survival. But Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne assured the public that the bear population would not be harmed.
“Polar bears are already protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, which has more stringent protections for polar bears than the Endangered Species Act does,” Kempthorne said.
Environmentalists already suing the agency over its determination that the bear’s threatened status cannot be used to regulate global- warming gases said Kempthorne’s earlier assurances were misleading.
“Now, three weeks later, Interior issues a rule under the act that we view as a blank check to harass the polar bear in the Chukchi Sea,” said Brendan Cummings, oceans program director at the Center for Biological Diversity. He added that his group believes the new regulations are illegal.
Exploring in the Chukchi Sea’s 29.7 million acres will require as many as five drilling ships, one or two icebreakers, a barge, a tug and two helicopter flights per day, according to the government. Oil companies will also be making hundreds of miles of ice roads and trails along the coastline.
“We are poorly equipped to address those risks and challenges,” said Steven Amstrup, a scientist at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Alaska Science Center. “To assess what the impacts are going to be, we should know more about the bears.”
Last year, the Marine Mammal Oversight Commission, an independent government oversight agency, told the Fish and Wildlife Service it lacked the information to conclude that exploration would not affect the bear population.
The seven companies will be required to map out the locations of polar bear dens, train their employees about the bears’ habits and take other measures to minimize clashes with them. In exchange, the companies are legally protected if their operations unintentionally harm the bears. Any bear deaths would still warrant an investigation and could result in a penalty .
Administration and industry officials said oil companies enjoyed similar status in the Chukchi Sea from 1991 to 1996 and in the Beaufort Sea since 1993 and there was no effect on polar bear populations.
There is no evidence of a polar bear being killed by oil and gas activities in Alaska since 1993, according to the Fish and Wildlife Service.
Since 1960, when the hunt for oil and gas began in Alaska, only two fatalities of polar bears have been linked to oil and gas activities in the state, the service said.
polar bear timeline
Recent actions concerning polar bears and Alaska oil operations:
February 2005 Environmental groups petition government for Endangered Species Act protections for polar bears.
August 2005 Oil industry seeks protections from legal liability if polar bears in Chukchi Sea are harmed.
December 2005 Environmentalists sue Interior Department for delaying Endangered Species Act decision on polar bears.
June 2007 Interior Department proposes liability protections sought by oil industry.
February 2008 Interior Department auctions Chukchi Sea leases to seven oil companies for $2.6 billion.
May 2008 Interior Department lists polar bear as threatened species, a less-serious category than endangered.
June 2008 Interior Department issues regulations allowing incidental harm to “small numbers” of polar bears in Chukchi Sea.
Timeline of recent actions concerning polar bears
Recent actions concerning polar bears and Alaska oil operations.
February 2005 Environmental groups petition government for Endangered Species Act protections for polar bears.
August 2005 Oil industry seeks protections from legal liability if polar bears in Chukchi Sea are harmed.
December 2005 Environmentalists sue Interior Department for delaying Endangered Species Act decision on polar bears.
June 2007 Interior Department proposes liability protections sought by oil industry.
February 2008 Interior Department auctions Chukchi Sea leases to seven oil companies for $2.6 billion.
May 2008 Interior Department lists polar bear as threatened species, a less-serious category than endangered.
June 2008 Interior Department issues regulations allowing incidental harm to “small numbers” of polar bears in Chukchi Sea.
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