Malaysia Reverses Yoga Ban For Muslims

In a move that drew widespread protests, Malaysia’s National Fatwa Council of prominent Islamic scholars advised Muslims at the weekend to avoid yoga because it involves Hindu prayers that could compromise the faith of Muslims.

The ban raised the concerns of many over Malaysia’s growing Islamic fundamentalism.

However, the nation’s Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi reversed the ban on Wednesday, saying that Muslims should still participate in the practice.

Badawi told the national news agency Bernama that Muslims could continue yoga without the chanting.

“I wish to state that a physical regime with no elements of worship can continue, meaning, it is not banned. I believe that Muslims are not easily swayed into polytheism,” Badawi said.

Badawi’s move was sharply rebuked by many Muslims, including Malaysia’s sultans, or hereditary rulers, who said they should be consulted on all matters relating to Islam.

Prior to Abdullah’s remarks, the eldest son of the ruler of the central Negeri Sembilan state challenged the yoga ruling. 

“Islam is a progressive religion and the ulama (scholars) should be confident of the followers’ faith rather than micro-managing their way of life,” the Star newspaper quoted Tunku Naquiyuddin as saying.

“If I go to a church or a Buddhist temple, is there any fear of me converting? … Where do we draw the line?”

The yoga fatwa ruling came shortly after another edict against young Muslim women wearing trousers. The fatwa council said that girls risked becoming sexually active “tomboys” by wearing trousers. Gay sex is also against the law in Malaysia.

Although fatwas are not legally binding in Malaysia, they are highly influential in a nation where more than half the population of 27 million is Muslim.  The nation’s sizeable minorities include ethnic Indians and Chinese who practice either Christianity, Buddhism or Hinduism.

Conjoined Twins Born In Oklahoma To Be Separated

Doctors said on Tuesday that a set of 1-month-old girls believed to be the first known American Indian conjoined twins are doing well and will be separated.

David Tuggle, a pediatric surgeon who will be involved in the separation, said Preslee Faith and Kylee Hope Wells were born Oct. 25 and are joined at the liver and rib cage.

“They are very cute and they hold each other,” Tuggle said.

Kyle Wells, 21, and Stevie Stewart, 20, of Calumet are the twins parents, both of whom have a history of twins in their families.

A member of the Cheyenne River Sioux tribe, Stewart said the girls are already developing personalities.

“Kylee is laid back and sleeps through anything, even her sister crying,” he said.

The twins, who weighed a combined 8 pounds, 7 ounces at birth, appear to have separate hearts, but doctors are unsure if the girls share blood vessels around their hearts, which could lead to complications during their separation.

“The thing about conjoined twins is that there is always something you don’t know exactly about them,” Tuggle said.

Conjoined twins are rare and occur in about 1 in 600,000 births in Oklahoma, Tuggle said. The condition happens soon after conception because of a random error in cell division.

The twin’s tissue connection was discovered during a routine ultrasound exam done when Stewart was 20 weeks pregnant. The babies were born at 34 weeks via Caesarean section.

Kris Sekar, a neonatal doctor who has been overseeing their care, said once they were birthed, they were placed in an intensive care unit at the University of Oklahoma Medical Center, where they have been “on and off” breathing machines.

“They have great days and off days, but we have done very well,” Sekar said.

Stewart said doctors let her hold the babies whenever she wants and she changes their diapers, but she allows nurses to dress the twins.

Stewart’s mother, Marla Longbrake, said her daughter has handled the stressful situation well.

“It was a shock, but she and the father didn’t question it,” Longbrake said. “They’re just happy, beautiful little girls.”

“I have no idea how long the surgery might last or when it might take place, because the twins need to grow bigger and stronger first,” said Tuggle.

 He believes it would be beneficial for the surgery to occur before the twins are eight to nine months old, to help with their psychological development.

The last surgical separation of conjoined twins at OU Medical Center happened in 1986, said Tuggle, who participated in the birth. Those twins, Faith and Hope Cox, are healthy and now in their 20s.

Stewart spoke with the mother of the Cox twins.

“It is nice to be able to talk to someone who’s been through this,” she said. “She said if I ever need anything to call her.”

Study: Soldiers need work-life balance

A family-friendly work culture in the military benefits both the soldier and the organization, a U.S. psychologist says.

Satoris Culbertson and colleagues at Kansas State University in Manhattan, Kansas, examined survey data and performance measures of 230 U.S. Army personnel stationed in Europe in units with high deployment loads in 2001.

The study, published in Military Psychology, found soldiers’ perceptions of a family-friendly environment affected their physical fitness, their confidence in task performance and if they wanted stay on in the military.

Given the especially difficult circumstances surrounding military obligations for U.S. soldiers — for example, an increased threat of deployment due to the current wartime context — a better understanding of how family-friendly perceptions can benefit soldiers is increasingly important, Culbertson said in a statement.

Culbertson, who also collaborated with Ann Huffman of Northern Arizona University, and Col. Carl Castro of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, says even though family-friendly policies may be in place, military personnel might not perceive the environment to be family-friendly if they have a superior or peer who is unsupportive or disparages them for taking advantage of a particular policy.

The researchers suggest military’s local leadership needs to foster and support family-friendly policies.

SARS May Have Originated From Bats

SARS ““ severe acute respiratory syndrome ““ alarmed the world five years ago as the first global pandemic of the 21st century. The coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that sickened more than 8,000 people ““ and killed nearly 800 of them ““ may have originated in bats, but the actual animal source is not known.

In an effort to understand how SARS-CoV may have jumped from bats to humans, a team of investigators from Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has now generated a synthetic SARS-like bat coronavirus. The virus ““ the largest replicating synthetic organism ever made ““ is infectious in cultured cells and mice, the researchers report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The findings identify pathways by which a bat coronavirus may have adapted to infect humans. The studies also provide a model approach for rapid identification, analysis and public health responses to future natural or intentional virus epidemics.

Zoonotic viruses ““ animal pathogens that can cause disease in humans ““ pose a serious threat to public health, said Mark Denison, M.D., professor of Pediatrics at Vanderbilt and a co-leader of the research with Ralph Baric, Ph.D., professor of Epidemiology at UNC.

“It’s becoming more and more clear that new human epidemics will continue to originate in animals,” said Denison, who is also an associate professor of Microbiology & Immunology. “However, the mechanisms of trans-species movement and adaptation of viruses from animals to humans remain poorly understood.”

At the time of the SARS epidemic, the culprit virus was rapidly identified as a coronavirus (SARS-CoV). But it didn’t look like the two human coronaviruses that were known, which cause 20 percent to 30 percent of common colds, and the animal “reservoir” (the original animal host for the virus) remained elusive.

Investigators became convinced that bats were the likely source, but bat coronaviruses had never been successfully grown in culture or animals, which blocked studies of replication, evolution and prevention.

The Denison and Baric teams, with lead authors Michelle Becker, Ph.D., of Vanderbilt, and Rachel Graham Ph.D., of UNC, determined that not being able to grow the virus represented a critical gap in the ability to rapidly identify and respond to new pathogens.

To address this vulnerability, the team decided to use synthetic biology to recover a non-cultivatable virus.

“The idea is, here’s the virus, or the virus group, that we think became SARS-CoV,” Denison said. “Let’s see if we can synthetically recover the bat virus and test it in cultured cells and in animal models ““ let the bat virus show us the pathways that it may have used to become a human pathogen.

“Then we would have a viable candidate virus to test for diagnostics, vaccines and treatment.”

The investigators used published SARS-like bat coronavirus sequences to establish a “consensus” genome sequence ““ “the best bet for a virus genome that would be viable,” Denison said. They then used commercial DNA synthesis and reverse genetics to “build” the consensus viral genome and several variations.

The consensus synthetic SARS-like bat CoV did not initially grow in culture. But substitution of a single small region from human SARS-CoV ““ the Spike protein receptor binding domain that is critical for viral entry into human cells ““ allowed the new chimeric SARS-like bat CoV to grow well in monkey cells (commonly used to study human SARS-CoV).

“It was a tremendous surprise that such a small region of SARS-CoV was sufficient to allow the bat virus to move from zero growth to very efficient growth in cells,” Denison said.

The chimeric virus also grew well in mouse cells modified to express the receptor for SARS-CoV and in primary human airway epithelial cells. It grew poorly in mice, but a single additional change in the Spike region allowed efficient growth in mice, without causing a SARS-like disease.

The studies suggest that a very simple recombination event may have been enough to allow a coronavirus to move from one species to another, Denison said, adding that “after a virus gains the capacity to jump species, additional simple adaptations may be adequate to increase its ability to grow in the new animal host.”

At all stages of design and implementation, the Vanderbilt and UNC teams acknowledged potential safety concerns and encouraged ongoing external safety reviews. Research with all bat viruses ““ even weakened mutants ““ was performed under the same stringent biosafety conditions used to study virulent SARS-CoV. The investigators found that human antibodies known to render SARS-CoV noninfectious also neutralized the bat SARS-like coronavirus, providing an additional safety measure.

“The approaches used here address fundamental questions in virus movement between species,” Denison said, “and also could improve public health preparedness by allowing rapid responses to naturally emerging or intentionally introduced zoonotic pathogens.”

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South Korea considers undersea pipeline

South Korea may opt for an undersea pipeline to receive Russian natural gas if North Korea refuses an overland route, says the state-run gas company’s head.

The plan to build an underwater pipeline came up during talks with Gazprom President Alexei Miller and experts at Russia’s Pacific Ocean Institute in Vladivostok last week, Choo Kang-soo, head of Korea Gas Corp., said Wednesday to the Yonhap news agency.

In September, Korea Gas announced it will import 7.5 million tons of gas annually from Russia starting in 2015 using an overland pipeline through North Korea.

However, Yonhap quoted Choo as saying Russian gas company executives hinted Pyongyang officials they met with recently may not support it because of strained relations between the two Koreas under South Korean President Lee Myung-bak’s conservative government.

Earlier this week, North Korea said it will tighten crossings through the border with the South beginning next month, the report said.

Choo said the Russians suggested an undersea pipeline linking Vladivostok with either Samcheok on South Korea’s east coast or Busan, the country’s largest port. He said while an undersea pipeline would cost more it is not technically impossible, the report said.

Choo indicated the overland route may still be possible as North Korea also needs access to natural gas.

Galactic Molecule Could Point To Signs Of Alien Life

An organic sugar molecule that is directly linked to the origin of life has been located in a relatively hospitable part of the galaxy, scientists said.

Glyceraldehyde is a molecule with significant ties to the origins of life, as it can react to form ribose, a key constituent of the nucleic acid RNA.

“This is an important discovery as it is the first time glycolaldehyde, a basic sugar, has been detected towards a star-forming region where planets that could potentially harbor life may exist,” said Dr. Serena Viti, one of the paper’s authors from University College London.

The finding could be a positive step in the search for alien life, as a wide spread of the molecule improves the chances of it existing along side other molecules vital to life and in regions where Earth-like planets may exist.

Glycolaldehyde was first discovered toward the galactic center in 2000. However, the extreme conditions there made scientists unsure as to whether the molecule could form in the rest of the galaxy.

In order to find a more definitive answer, Maria Teresa Beltran of the University of Barcelona and colleagues trained the Plateau de Bure array of radio telescopes on a large star-forming region called G31.41+031, about 26,000 light years away.

The region, known as a hot molecular core, is dense with newly formed stars. The team found several radio and microwave signatures of the presence of glycolaldehyde inside the radio emission from the core.

When those spectral signatures were compared with those from a computer model of how the molecules form on tiny grains of interstellar dust, the data suggested the glycolaldehyde is a few hundred thousand years old.

The study’s co-author, Claudio Codella of the Institute of Radio Astronomy in Florence, Italy, said the importance of the discovery lies in the fact that the glycolaldehyde has been detected towards a region where planets orbiting newly formed stars are expected to exist – and planets could be the cradle of life.

“The discovery of an organic sugar molecule in a star forming region of space is very exciting and will provide incredibly useful information in our search for alien life,” said Professor Keith Mason, Chief Executive of the Science and Technology Facilities Council.

Further research is needed to look for complex molecules that up to now have only been seen in the galactic center.

“The search for prebiotic molecules in star-forming regions is still in the fledgling stages but the door is open now,” says co-author Roberto Neri, an astronomer at the Institute for Millimeter Radio Astronomy, home to the Plateau de Bure facility.

“I believe that many more of these molecules will show up in the near future,” he adds.

The discovery, partly funded by the UK’s Science and Technology Facilities Council is published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

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Aerial Pictures Reveal Past Of Hadrian’s Wall

British archaeologists used thousands of aerial photos to reveal more than 2,700 unrecorded historic features of Hadrian’s Wall in northern England.

Among the new features identified by experts from the English Heritage were medieval sheep farms, ancient burial mounds and 19th Century lead mines.

The scientists used more than 30,500 pictures taken during the past 60 years as part of an English Heritage initiative to map and interpret England’s archaeological sites.

The project began in 2002, and includes a wide area on either side of the 73 mile length of the wall from the Solway Plain in Cumbria to Newcastle in the east.

Recorded features of Hadrian’s Wall, a World Heritage Site, include a World War II anti-aircraft gun battery near Cleadon, Tyneside, an Iron Age hillfort near Fourstones, Northumberland, and the abandoned medieval village of East Matfen.

“We need to remember that Hadrian’s Wall is not an isolated monument set within a landscape devoid of any other history,” said David MacLeod of English Heritage’s Aerial Survey and Investigation team.

“This region saw a tremendous amount of activity before the Romans arrived and after they left, traces and memories of which remain today,” he told BBC News.

“It will help us to understand and manage the rich heritage of human activity that has shaped this landscape, whether it is the remains of a Bronze Age farm or a 20th Century gun battery.”

Image Caption: Sections of Hadrian’s Wall remain near Greenhead and along the route, though other large sections have been dismantled over the years to use the stones for various nearby construction projects. Courtesy Wikipedia

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Scientists Identify New Leprosy Bacterium

A new species of bacterium that causes leprosy has been identified through intensive genetic analysis of a pair of lethal infections, a research team reports in the December issue of the American Journal of Clinical Pathology.

All cases of leprosy, an ancient disease that still maims and kills in the developing world, previously had been thought to be caused by a single species of bacterium, said lead author Xiang-Yang Han, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor in Laboratory Medicine at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.

“We have identified a second species of leprosy mycobacterium, and in identifying this killing organism we’ve better defined the disease that it causes, diffuse lepromatous leprosy (DLL).” Han said. DLL occurs mainly in Mexico and the Caribbean.

There are hundreds of thousands of new cases of leprosy worldwide each year, but the disease is rare in the United States, with 100-200 new cases annually, mostly among immigrants. Leprosy initially attacks skin and nerve cells. It can be successfully treated with antibiotics in its early and intermediate stages.

R. Geetha Nair, M.D., a physician with Maricopa Integrated Health System in Phoenix, contacted Han in 2007 for help confirming a possible leprosy diagnosis in a patient who died that February.

The patient, a 53-year-old man originally from Mexico, was admitted that month for treatment of extensive leg wounds. While undergoing antibiotic treatment and additional diagnostic testing the next day, he was stricken with high fever and shock. He died after 10 days in intensive care.

Analysis of autopsied tissue at the Phoenix hospital suggested a diagnosis of diffuse lepromatous leprosy, a form first described in Mexico in 1852. Han said DLL uniquely attacks a patient’s skin vasculature, blocking or impeding blood flow. This leads to extensive skin death at late stage and may cause secondary infection and fatal shock. The DLL bacterium had never been studied.

The research team also analyzed samples from a similar lethal case of a 31-year-old man in 2002 with so much skin damage that he was first admitted to a hospital burn unit.

Telltale fingerprint points to new species

Han and M. D. Anderson colleagues diagnose infections in cancer patients. Han developed in 2002 a way to identify unusual bacteria by analyzing small but significant differences in the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. “This is like a fingerprint analysis to solve crimes,” Han said. He has discovered and named several new bacterial species that cause unusual infections.

Across a group of bacteria called mycobacteria, the 16S rRNA gene is 93 to 100 percent identical. There are 110 species of mycobacteria, with those causing tuberculosis and leprosy the best known. Sequencing the 16S rRNA gene is a fast and accurate way to identify mycobacteria, which usually grow slowly, Han noted. Accurate identification improves patient care decisions.

Han and colleagues compared the lethal bacterium’s 16S rRNA gene and five other genes to other mycobacteria. They found that the bacterium had the most in common with Mycobacterium leprae, previously thought to be the sole cause of leprosy.

Yet there were also significant differences with M. leprae. The lethal bacterium’s 16S rRNA gene sequence differed by 2.1 percent. “That may sound like a small difference, but to anyone familiar with mycobacteria, it’s huge,” Han said. In all previously studied M. leprae strains, no variation in the 16S rRNA gene had been noted at all.

Analysis of the other five genes turned up more differences. The researchers named the new species Mycobacterium lepromatosis. They have since confirmed M. lepromatosis as the cause of two lethal cases of DLL in Singapore.

What’s next for M. lepromatosis

The team is working to better understand the bacterium and how it causes DLL. They are attempting to sequence the entire M. lepromatosis genome and looking for ways to grow the organism in the lab. Neither leprosy mycobacteria can be cultured because over millions of years they lost genes necessary to survive outside their hosts, a process called reductive evolution.

One of the puzzles of leprosy is that M leprae strains collected worldwide are virtually identical, while the clinical features of the disease and its severity vary greatly both geographically and from person to person. Evidence suggests that individual host immune factors play the key role in determining how the disease progresses.

The authors conclude that the new species M lepromatosis could account for some of this geographical and individual variation.

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Image Courtesy Of Google

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University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center

How Do Plants Adapt To Climate?

How many mouths does a plant need in order to survive? The answer changes depending on climate, and some of the decisions are made long before a new leaf sprouts.

Stanford researchers have found that the formation of microscopic pores called stomata (derived from the Greek word stoma, meaning mouth) is controlled by a specific signaling pathway that blocks activity of a single protein required for stomata development. The findings are described in a paper published Nov. 14 in Science.

Stomata are found on almost every terrestrial plant on Earth. Their multiple roles include releasing moisture and oxygen into the environment, providing internal air conditioning for the plant and allowing carbon dioxide to enter the leaf, where it is converted to sugar during photosynthesis. Stomata are essential for the survival of plants and, by absorbing carbon from the atmosphere, play a significant role in maintaining the health of the planet.

Using Arabidopsis thaliana, a fast-growing, flowering plant used for genetic and developmental studies, Dominique Bergmann, an assistant professor of biology, and paper co-authors Gregory Lampard, a postdoctoral fellow, and Cora MacAlister, a PhD student, found a unique structural region on a protein with 10 sites that can be modified by a well-known, environmentally-controlled signaling pathway to dictate the number of stomata a plant makes.

“Scientists have said that the environment affects plant development, but no one could point to a protein that was responsible for that response,” Bergmann said. “Now we know a major target inside the cell and how it is regulated.”

Knowing how this process works could be used to modify crops in order to maximize their productivity under changing climate conditions. Plants might initially benefit as a result of the increased carbon supply in the atmosphere due to global warming, Bergmann said, but would also respond to those conditions by making fewer stomata. The result? Loss of cooling through stomata could lead to widespread crop failures due to the rise in temperatures associated with global warming.

“There are circumstances where you might want to disconnect the signals plants receive from the environment so they can survive,” Bergmann said.

The protein, which the researchers dubbed SPEECHLESS, initiates the first of a three-step cell division process that leads to the formation of stomata in plants. Though structurally similar to SPEECHLESS, two other proteins involved in subsequent steps do not contain the same control region that is regulated by the signaling pathway. This provides a unique mechanism for the signaling pathway to control SPEECHLESS activity in a set of stem-cell-like cells and hence the ultimate development of stomata.

“If I were designing the leaf, that would be the part I would put under really tight control,” Bergmann said. “It seems as if that’s what plants have done.”

Certain trade-offs exist for plants having too many or too few stomata. To help determine the number of stomata a newly sprouting leaf should form, the plant takes key factors about its surrounding climate””carbon dioxide levels, temperature and humidity””into account.

To perceive these factors, the plant uses the same signaling pathway used to control SPEECHLESS activity. The study identifies a critical junction that connects how a plant can sense environmental conditions with how this information is relayed to stomatal-development pathways. Thus, development of stomata can be altered “on the fly” to better enable the plant to cope with environmental conditions.

For example, a leaf contains fewer pores when carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is in abundance and more when it is limited. If conditions change, this multi-faceted signaling system can enable fine-tuning of stomatal development.

The research was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, a Terman Award from Stanford University, and the Stanford Genome Training Program.

Image Caption: Arabidopsis thaliana. Courtesy Wikipedia

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New Software Targets Online Problems In Real Time

Internet network performance issues are not only bothersome to users, but they are also pricey to businesses and network operators. Nevertheless, because the Internet has no built-in monitoring method, numerous network troubles often fly under the radar.

Although slow playback on streaming video is incredibly frustrating to users, it can turn away thousands of possible customers from the site issuing the feed. As the Internet grows daily, these network blunders, or anomalies, are twice as common and exasperating.

To address the situation, researchers at the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science at Northwestern University have created a better way to find and report these difficulties in real time through their Network Early Warning System.

Establishing the presence of network irregularities is imperative because the Internet has no general monitoring system. Existing monitoring systems attempt to locate network anomalies and can find issues that may lead to presentation problems, but cannot determine whether individual users are in fact having problems with the site.

Nevertheless, millions of Internet users obviously create data traffic that naturally provides data to see if the network is operating or not. By giving out high-level information about their occurrences, these users may be able to proficiently and precisely notice where problems happen in real time.

So Fabián Bustamante, associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science, and doctoral scholar David Choffnes are developing this examination to create a participatory advance to sensing, finding and reporting network problems: the Network Early Warning System, or NEWS.

“You can think of it as crowd sourcing network monitoring,” said Bustamante.

Although the idea behind NEWS is simple, Bustamante and Choffnes conquered numerous design tests to convey the idea to Internet-scale deployment. By retrieving data about network circumstances from everyday Internet traffic, NEWS spotlights the issues that directly affect users and accomplishes this without needing any additional information and possibly useless network-measurement traffic.

NEWS integrates facts about “normal” actions for network applications to avoid false alarms and verifies supposed issues by running it by other close users.

NEWS is at present applied as an addition to a well-liked BitTorrent client. By producing warnings about troubles in the network, the software lets users guarantee that they receive the exact Internet service they pay for.

This was encouragement enough for 12,000 users to install the software in its beta-testing phase. The researchers are currently creating a portal for network providers to be alerted about the network problems notified to them by other users.

Bustamante and Choffnes, who in the past issued the popular Ono extension for BitTorrent, are relating the NEWS approach to construct other innovative ideas.

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Apple Sued For iPhone Patent Infringement

Real estate developer Elliot Gottfurcht and two co-inventors have brought a lawsuit against Apple Inc. claiming that technology the iPhone uses to browse the internet infringes on their patent.

The lawsuit was filed by EMG Technology LLC, found by Gottfurcht, on Monday in the U.S. District Court in Tyler Texas.

The lawsuit claims that technology used on the iPhone to navigate and display websites infringes upon a patent obtained by EMG last month.

Apple declined to comment on the lawsuit.

According to Gottfurcht’s lawyer Stanley Gibson, EMG has not considered suing HTC Corp, maker of the G1 Google phone, or Research in Motion Ltd, the maker of the Blackberry, even though both devices use similar technology as the iPhone.

The technology in question essentially reformats websites to be viewed on tiny, mobile device screens.

“We haven’t looked at anything other than the iPhone,” Gibson said. “That was the device that we looked at. Obviously it’s very popular.”

According to a statement issued by his law firm, Gibson was one of several attorneys who won a $570 million verdict by suing Medtronic Inc over a patent infringement.

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Drug Information Often Left Out On Wikipedia

New research shows consumers who glean all their health information from the online resource Wikipedia are missing out on the vital details of medications like harmful drug interactions and adverse effects.

“If people went and used this as a sole or authoritative source without contacting a health professional…those are the types of negative impacts that can occur,” Dr. Kevin A. Clauson of Nova Southeastern University in Palm Beach Gardens in Florida said.

His research team found few factual errors in their evaluation of Wikipedia entries on 80 drugs.

However, the online entries were often missing important information, like the fact that the anti-inflammatory drug Arthrotec can cause pregnant women to miscarry, or that St. John’s wort can interfere with the action of the HIV drug Prezista.

Clauson and his colleagues investigated the accuracy and completeness of drug information on Wikipedia because one third of people doing health-related Internet searches are looking for information on over-the-counter or prescription drugs. Experts say a Wikipedia entry is often the first to appear with a Google search.

Researchers compared Wikipedia to Medscape Drug Reference (MDR), a peer-reviewed, free site, by examining answers to 80 different questions in eight categories of drug information.

They found MDR gave answers to 82.5 percent of the questions, while Wikipedia could only answer 40 percent. Answers were also less likely to be complete for Wikipedia.

None of the answers the researchers found on Wikipedia were factually wrong, while MDR contained four inaccurate answers.

“I think that these errors of omission can be just as dangerous” as inaccuracies, Clauson said.

He put some of the blame on drug company representatives who have been caught in the past deleting information from Wikipedia entries that make their drugs look unsafe.

Clauson said that after 90 days, the Wikipedia entries showed a “marked improvement” in scope.

Wikipedia should not be the final word on any topic-and should certainly not be used as a resource by medical professionals, according to Clauson.

“You still probably want to go to medlineplus.gov or medscape.com for good quality information that you can feel confident in,” he said.

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Many Factors Contribute To Teen Sexual Activity

New study says a combination of factors must be targeted to reduce sexual activity in teenagers

Watching plenty of television combined with low self-esteem, poor relationships with parents, and low academic achievement are some of the factors that may add up to young people having sex before the age of 15. Alternatively, a parent’s positive influence may go a long way to reduce risky sexual behavior during adolescence, according to Myeshia Price and Dr. Janet Hyde from the University of Wisconsin in the USA. Their findings have just been published online in Springer’s Journal of Youth and Adolescence.

Adolescents who engage in sexual acts before the age of 15 are likely to do so without adequate protection, putting them at higher risk of sexually transmitted infections and, for girls, unwanted pregnancies. In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that 750,000 pregnancies and almost half of new cases of sexually transmitted infections were among adolescents.

To help identify ways to reduce the number of adolescents who have sex before the age of 15, Price and Hyde examined a combination of individual, family, and sociocultural factors thought to predict early sexual activity. A total of 273 adolescents (146 girls and 127 boys) took part in the Wisconsin Study of Families and Work and were studied between the ages of 13 and 15. They were asked about their sexual behavior, puberty, academic achievement, self-esteem, depression, sports participation, symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), family structure and quality of relationships with parents, and exposure to sexuality through the media.

Of the 273 adolescents studied, 15 percent had experienced early sex ““ intercourse and/or oral sex. Girls who had been sexually active before the age of 15 spent more time watching television, had lower self-esteem, had poor relationships with their parents, had lived with either a single mother or step-parent, showed signs of ADHD, and underachieved at school. Those boys who had engaged in early sexual activity were further into their puberty, spent more time watching television, had lower self-esteem, showed signs of ADHD and ODD, and had poor relationships with their parents.

One factor had a particularly large effect: the amount of time spent watching television.  Across all risk factors, the more factors pushing young people to have sex early, the more likely they were to do so. For example, compared to an adolescent with zero risks, someone with three of the above influences (the average for the studied sample) was five times more likely to have had sex by the age of 15. These findings strongly suggest that intervention programs aimed at reducing the number of adolescents who have sex at a younger age are more likely to be effective if they target a combination of factors.

This study also shows that parents influence adolescents’ decision to engage, or not, in early sexual activity. The authors recommend that “preventive measures should not be left up to teachers and counselors alone, but might include parents.” They add that “positive influence from parents, coupled with comprehensive education programs, have the potential to have an unsurpassed effect on early adolescent sexual activity.”

Reference Price MN & Hyde JS (2008). When two isn’t better than one: predictors of early sexual activity in adolescence using a cumulative risk model. Journal of Youth and Adolescence; DOI 10.1007/s10964-008-9351-2

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Researchers Determine Force Of Dolphins’ Thrust

A team of researchers has set out to calculate the power of a dolphin’s thrust by using digital video and millions of tiny bubbles.

In 1936, zoologist James Gray estimated that the drag dolphins must overcome to swim faster than 20 miles an hour. Gray said dolphins lacked the muscles to swim so fast, and yet they did. This is known as Gray’s Paradox.

Over the decades, scientists have found flaws in Gray’s work, and most biologists have rejected his theory.

“There is no paradox. The dolphins always had the muscles to do this,” said Frank Fish, professor of biology at West Chester University in Pennsylvania. “Gray was wrong.”

Researchers have now determined that dolphins produce 212 pounds of thrust.

Tim Wei an engineering professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute used digital video and millions of tiny bubbles to track the complex movement of water roiled by swimmers.

“Sir Gray was certainly on to something, and it took nearly 75 years for technology to bring us to the point where we could get at the heart of his paradox,” Wei said.

Researchers analyzed footage of former Navy research dolphins swimming through bubble clouds in a tank at Long Marine Lab at the University of California Santa Cruz. They also videotaped them performing tail stands on the water

Computers track the bubbles’ movement, making the invisible flow of water visible. He has used the technique to help U.S. Olympic swimmers get the most from their stroke, and now on dolphins, too.

Gray had assumed that it was dolphins’ skin that gave them such great underwater speed, but Wei said he proved this to be untrue.

“It turns out that the answer to Gray’s Paradox had nothing to do with the dolphins’ skin,” Wei said. “Dolphins can certainly produce enough force to overcome drag. The scientific community has known this for a while, but this is the first time anyone has been able to actually quantitatively measure the force and say, for certain, the paradox is solved.”

Wei’s findings will be presented at the 61st Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society (APS) Division of Fluid Dynamics in San Antonio on Monday.

Wei said the research team will likely continue to investigate the flow dynamics and force generation of other marine animals, such as sea otters, which could yield new insight into how different species have evolved as a result of their swimming proficiency.

Image 2: A single frame from a research video tracking the flow of water around Primo, a retired U.S. Navy bottlenose dolphin.  Credit: Rensselaer/Tim Wei 

Image 3: The same frame, but with visualized information illustrating the water flow. The arrows indicate in which direction the water is moving, and the colors indicate the speed. The red and dark blue arrows signify the fastest-moving water.  Credit: Rensselaer/Tim Wei

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Some Hackers Taking A Safer Approach To Stealing Data

Antivirus software maker Symantec Corp. presented a new report showing that cyber criminals are developing new techniques when it comes to stealing and selling personal data.

The report shows that hackers are becoming more patient, rather than ravaging everything they can gain access to.  Conversely, some hackers are becoming specialists, by stealing only a very specific thing from their attacks.

Modern hackers want access to the compromised companies’ payment-processing systems, and nothing else, according to the “Symantec Report on the Underground Economy,” released Monday. Access to these systems will allow hackers to verify stolen credit card numbers. 

It’s a service the crooks sell to other fraudsters who don’t trust that the stolen card numbers they’re buying from someone else will actually work.

Rather than gaining access to a machine and installing malicious software, the hackers slip in and steal the information while leaving customer data for that store’s clientele intact.

“They treat these things fairly pristinely so they can maintain access,” said Alfred Huger, vice president for Symantec Security Response.

In the Symantec’s year-long look at 135 so-called “underground economy servers” – all public servers hosting mostly legitimate chat channels, with a few bad ones catering to cyber crooks – researchers determined that criminals have latched on to this tactic as a way to make money and self-police the underground.

Huger said the reason the criminals don’t raid the victim companies’ databases is it’s much lower risk to just check the card numbers on someone else’s computers, rather than to start taking stuff out, which gets noticed.

The company says it didn’t get inside the compromised servers that carry even more secretive back-channel conversations, because doing so would have broken the law.

The company found a growing trend of online groups offering a verification service and charging a fee of about $10 per card, which can add up fast due to the tremendous number of stolen cards.

The report also noted that many hackers are also continuing to recklessly enter computer systems. Researchers spotted $7 billion worth of stolen credit cards and bank accounts being sold during the year-long project. That figure assumes the cards and accounts were completely drained by the crooks.

The actual price for those cards and accounts could command on the black market was far less, however, because of the risk the buyer takes on in trying to extract money or make fraudulent purchases. Symantec estimated that the total value of the goods advertised for sale was more than $276 million during the time they were watching the servers from July 2007 to June 2008.

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Virus Prompts Flash Drive Ban At Pentagon

A virus threat detected on Defense Department networks resulted in a temporary ban of external computer flash drives at the Pentagon, officials said on Friday.

Defense officials have not yet publicly confirmed the ban, but messages were sent to department employees informing them of the new restrictions.

One message distributed to employees said the Pentagon was collecting any of the small flash drives that were purchased or provided by the department to workers.

Officials said it is not clear how long the ban will last and workers are being told there is no guarantee they will ever get the devices back.

No details have been released, but the culprit was described as a “global virus” that has been the subject of public alerts, according to Pentagon spokesman Bryan Whitman.

“This is not solely a department problem, this is not solely a government problem,” Whitman said.

The Pentagon’s vast computer network is scanned or probed by outsiders millions of times each day. A cyber attack last year forced the Defense Department to take as many as 1,500 computers off line.

That specific penetration of the system was detected, but the attack had no adverse impact on department operations, officials said.

However, military leaders have consistently warned of potential threats from a variety of sources including other countries – such as China – along with other self-styled cyber-vigilantes and terrorists.

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Pill Could Replace Chemo For Lung Cancer Patients

A recent study suggests that advanced lung cancer patients might be able to avoid another chemotherapy treatment by taking a targeted pill treatment.

An international study showed patients on Iressa, an expensive, newer targeted treatment, survived about as long as those on another course of chemotherapy.

“This will provide us with another drug in our armory,” said Dr. Michael Seckl, head of Cancer Research UK’s Lung Cancer Group at Imperial College in London.

Seckl was not connected to the research, which was published Friday in the Lancet medical journal.

Most lung cancer patients die within a few years of being diagnosed, and few alternatives to chemo exist.

AstraZeneca PLC makes Iressa, a drug that attacks specific growth receptors on cancer cells, doing less harm to patients, but it costs thousands of dollars each month.

AstraZeneca funded a study in which researchers looked at 1,433 advanced lung cancer patients in 24 countries, who had already gone through chemotherapy.

About half of the patients were given Iressa, or gefitinib, once a day. The other half were on docetaxel, a chemotherapy drug given intravenously every three weeks.

Patients on Iressa survived about 7.6 months while those on chemotherapy survived about 8 months. After one year, 32 percent of patients on Iressa were still alive, versus 34 percent of chemotherapy patients.

Two other lung cancer drugs, Tarceva and Avastin, made by Roche Holding AG, are already on the market in the United Kingdom, and Tarceva works similarly to Iressa, which has only been approved in the U.S. so far.

“In the patients that respond, it is very dramatic,” said Seckl, who has seen patients live years on the drug. He did not work with AstraZeneca on Iressa, but has consulted with them on other drugs.

“Though the benefits of prolonging life are modest, patients on (Iressa) get a higher quality of life,” said Chris Twelves, a professor of clinical cancer oncology at Leeds University. “That should swing the pendulum in its favor.”

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Study: Neighborhood Appearance Affects Behavior Decline

Dutch researchers said that visuals such as graffiti, trash in the street, and bicycles chained to a fence all resulted in a decline in how people behaved during a series of experiments.

Researchers reported in Thursday’s online edition of the journal Science that a bit of litter or graffiti didn’t lead to predatory crime, but actions ranging from littering to trespassing and minor stealing all increased when people saw evidence of others ignoring the rules of good behavior.

Lead author Kees Keizer of the faculty of behavioral and social sciences at the University of Groningen explained that in normal behavior most people try to act appropriately to the circumstances, but some tend to avoid effort or seek ways to gain for themselves.

The researchers suggest things like littering an area or applying graffiti change the circumstances by indicating that others are not behaving correctly, which weakens the incentive for people to do the right thing.

For example, researchers were not at all surprised that people littered more in a messy area. “We were, however, surprised by the size of the effect,” added Keizer.

The researchers noted one example of a tidy alley in a shopping area where people parked their bicycles and there was no posted “no-littering” sign on the wall.

The team then attached flyers for a nonexistent store to the bike handlebars and observed the behavior of passersby.

Under normal circumstances, 33 percent of riders littered the alley with the flyer. But after researchers defaced the alley wall with graffiti, the share of riders who littered with the flyers jumped to 69 percent.

The same results occurred in a half-dozen similar experiments.

Keizer pointed out that while the study seems to deliver a negative message, “it also shows that municipal officials and the public can have a significant impact on the influence of norms and rules on behavior.”

The resulting lesson: keep public areas neat and people will be less likely to make a mess.

The researchers said their study was closely related to the “Broken Window Theory,” which suggests that urban disorder such as broken windows and graffiti encourage petty crime.

But Robert J. Sampson, chairman of Harvard University’s department of sociology, said this research doesn’t go that far.

“It’s an interesting study, it’s very clever. And the results are believable within the limited bounds set by their design,” said Sampson, who was not part of the research team.

He said the results, however, don’t show that disorder spreads to predatory crime. “What they show is that disorder increases people’s likelihood of committing (similar) acts.”

Along with the graffiti study, the following experiments worked like this:

Test Two:

A fence partly closed off the main entrance to a parking lot. There was a narrow gap and a no-admittance sign that pointed out a new entry, 200 yards away. A second sign prohibited locking bikes to the fence.

When the fence was clear, 27 percent of people heading for their cars ignored the no-admittance sign and squeezed through the gap in the fence. But after several bikes were locked to the fence in defiance of that ban, 82 percent of people going to their cars squeezed through the prohibited entry.

Test Three:

Flyers were placed under the windshield wipers of cars in a parking garage next to a market. A sign on the wall asked people to return their shopping carts to the market.

When the lot was clear of shopping carts, 30 percent of drivers littered the lot with the flyers. But when a few carts were left in a disorderly state around the garage, 58 percent of people littered.

Test Four:

Two weeks before New Year’s Day researchers visited a bicycle parking shed near a train station and attached flyers to the handlebars. Under normal conditions 52 percent of the riders littered the shed with the flyers. Then the researchers set off fireworks outside the shed – which residents know is illegal in the period before New Year. Hearing the fireworks, 80 percent of riders littered the shed.

Tests Five and Six:

An envelope with money visible through the address window was placed sticking out of a mailbox.

Under ordinary conditions 13 percent of passers-by stole the envelope.

When the same mailbox was defaced with graffiti the percentage taking the money jumped to 27 percent.

After researchers cleaned the mailbox, but messed up the area around it with litter, 25 percent stole the money.

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First Surgeon To Perform US Heart Transplant Dead

The surgeon who performed the nation’s first human heart implant has died.

Dr. Adrian Kantrowitz, a cardiac surgeon who also developed medical implants, died Friday in Ann Arbor of complications from heart failure, according to his wife, Jean Kantrowitz.

Kantrowitz became the second surgeon in the world, and the first in the U.S. to perform a human heart transplant on an infant who died several hours later.

He performed two more heart transplants before turning away from that field and focusing on his well-known expertise in creating mechanical medical devices.

“I’m a surgeon and surgery is what I know,” he told The Washington Post in 1977, explaining his decision to leave the field. “The problems involved in making this work on a broad basis are not surgical problems, they’re immunological problems. I do not bring any special talent to solving those problems, nor does my team.”

Dr. Kantrowitz invented and for decades continued to improve the left ventricular assist device, or LVAD, which would later lend its name to his Detroit-based research company, L-VAD Technology Inc.

The device is designed to be permanently implanted in patients with otherwise-terminal heart failure, helping their hearts circulate blood and allowing them to leave the hospital.

Among his other inventions was the intra-aortic balloon pump.

His wife Jean said “he never lost his mental alertness,” apparent in his activities as a pilot, motorcyclist and sailor.

Adrian Kantrowitz was born Oct. 4, 1918, in New York City and attended New York University and the Long Island College of Medicine, now part of the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center.

After serving in the Army Medical Corps during World War II, Kantrowitz entered the emerging field of cardiac surgery. He practiced and conducted research in the 1950s and ’60s at Brooklyn’s Maimonides Medical Center.

In 1970, Kantrowitz moved his federal funding and entire team of residents and other staff to Sinai Hospital in Detroit to better accommodate his research. Sinai Hospital later merged with another hospital and is now known as Sinai-Grace Hospital.

Image Caption: Dr. Adrian Kantrowitz operating to implant a pacemaker in patient. (TIME LIFE/Google)

Worst car crash day next Wednesday

The worst day for car crashes in Alabama was the day before Thanksgiving, three times greater than on Thanksgiving itself, a University of Alabama study found.

The study, looking at 2007 statistics, said two factors likely contributed to the 585 Alabama crashes the day before Thanksgiving, compared with the 196 on the holiday itself.

First, fewer people took off from work earlier in the week, so the roads were more crowded. Significantly fewer crashes were reported Monday and Tuesday of Thanksgiving week, the study by the university’s CARE Research & Development Laboratory reported.

Secondly, Alabama roads were wet from rain the day before Thanksgiving, with almost 50 percent of reported crashes occurring in rainy weather.

Most crashes that Wednesday occurred in the early afternoon and evening, with 50 percent occurring between 1 p.m. and 6 p.m., the study found.

This is definitely a time to be avoided on the Wednesday before Thanksgiving, especially if bad weather is a possibility, laboratory Director Allen Parrish said.

The safest day of the week to be on the road is Thanksgiving itself, since most road travelers have already reached their destinations, the study found.

The actual holiday had about one-third of Wednesday’s crashes.

Since people spread their post-Thanksgiving return over the long weekend, no return day stands out as being as dangerous as the Wednesday before Thanksgiving, the researchers said.

Marijuana Could Reduce Memory Impairment

The more research they do, the more evidence Ohio State University scientists find that specific elements of marijuana can be good for the aging brain by reducing inflammation there and possibly even stimulating the formation of new brain cells.

The research suggests that the development of a legal drug that contains certain properties similar to those in marijuana might help prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Though the exact cause of Alzheimer’s remains unknown, chronic inflammation in the brain is believed to contribute to memory impairment.
Gary Wenk

Any new drug’s properties would resemble those of tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, the main psychoactive substance in the cannabis plant, but would not share its high-producing effects. THC joins nicotine, alcohol and caffeine as agents that, in moderation, have shown some protection against inflammation in the brain that might translate to better memory late in life.

“It’s not that everything immoral is good for the brain. It’s just that there are some substances that millions of people for thousands of years have used in billions of doses, and we’re noticing there’s a little signal above all the noise,” said Gary Wenk, professor of psychology at Ohio State and principal investigator on the research.

Wenk’s work has already shown that a THC-like synthetic drug can improve memory in animals. Now his team is trying to find out exactly how it works in the brain.

The most recent research on rats indicates that at least three receptors in the brain are activated by the synthetic drug, which is similar to marijuana. These receptors are proteins within the brain’s endocannabinoid system, which is involved in memory as well as physiological processes associated with appetite, mood and pain response.

This research is also showing that receptors in this system can influence brain inflammation and the production of new neurons, or brain cells.

“When we’re young, we reproduce neurons and our memory works fine. When we age, the process slows down, so we have a decrease in new cell formation in normal aging. You need those cells to come back and help form new memories, and we found that this THC-like agent can influence creation of those cells,” said Yannick Marchalant, a study coauthor and research assistant professor of psychology at Ohio State.

“Could people smoke marijuana to prevent Alzheimer’s disease if the disease is in their family? We’re not saying that, but it might actually work. What we are saying is it appears that a safe, legal substance that mimics those important properties of marijuana can work on receptors in the brain to prevent memory impairments in aging. So that’s really hopeful,” Wenk said.

Marchalant described the research in a poster presentation Wednesday (11/19) at the Society for Neuroscience meeting in Washington, D.C.

Knowing exactly how any of these compounds work in the brain can make it easier for drug designers to target specific systems with agents that will offer the most effective anti-aging benefits, said Wenk, who is also a professor of neuroscience and molecular virology, immunology and medical genetics.

“Could people smoke marijuana to prevent Alzheimer’s disease if the disease is in their family? We’re not saying that, but it might actually work. What we are saying is it appears that a safe, legal substance that mimics those important properties of marijuana can work on receptors in the brain to prevent memory impairments in aging. So that’s really hopeful,” Wenk said.

One thing is clear from the studies: Once memory impairment is evident, the treatment is not effective. Reducing inflammation and preserving or generating neurons must occur before the memory loss is obvious, Wenk said.

Marchalant led a study on old rats using the synthetic drug, called WIN-55212-2 (WIN), which is not used in humans because of its high potency to induce psychoactive effects.

The researchers used a pump under the skin to give the rats a constant dose of WIN for three weeks ““ a dose low enough to induce no psychoactive effects on the animals. A control group of rats received no intervention. In follow-up memory tests, in which rats were placed in a small swimming pool to determine how well they use visual cues to find a platform hidden under the surface of the water, the treated rats did better than the control rats in learning and remembering how to find the hidden platform.

“Old rats are not very good at that task. They can learn, but it takes them more time to find the platform. When we gave them the drug, it made them a little better at that task,” Marchalant said.

In some rats, Marchalant combined the WIN with compounds that are known to block specific receptors, which then offers hints at which receptors WIN is activating. The results indicated the WIN lowered the rats’ brain inflammation in the hippocampus by acting on what is called the TRPV1 receptor. The hippocampus is responsible for short-term memory.

With the same intervention technique, the researchers also determined that WIN acts on receptors known as CB1 and CB2, leading to the generation of new brain cells ““ a process known as neurogenesis. Those results led the scientists to speculate that the combination of lowered inflammation and neurogenesis is the reason the rats’ memory improved after treatment with WIN.

The researchers are continuing to study the endocannabinoid system’s role in regulating inflammation and neuron development. They are trying to zero in on the receptors that must be activated to produce the most benefits from any newly developed drug.

What they already know is THC alone isn’t the answer.

“The end goal is not to recommend the use of THC in humans to reduce Alzheimer’s,” Marchalant said. “We need to find exactly which receptors are most crucial, and ideally lead to the development of drugs that specifically activate those receptors. We hope a compound can be found that can target both inflammation and neurogenesis, which would be the most efficient way to produce the best effects.”

The National Institutes of Health supported this work.

Coauthors on the presentation are Holly Brothers and Lauren Burgess, both of Ohio State’s Department of Psychology.

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Image Courtesy Of Google

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Ohio State University

Biomedical Research Benefits From Deep Sea Exploration

A study published in the scientific journal PLoS ONE highlights how the exploration of the ocean depths can benefit humankind. This is the story of a voyage of discovery, starting with marine animals that glow, the identification of the molecules responsible and their application as marker in living cells.

Many marine organisms such as sea anemones and corals produce fluorescent proteins, which come in a variety of dazzling hues. Fluorescent proteins have revolutionized biomedical research by enabling the imaging of processes within living cells and tissues. The impact of this technology is considered so high that the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was most recently awarded to scientists that discovered and further developed the first green fluorescent protein that was applied as cellular marker.

Many useful fluorescent proteins have been found in species that live in the sun-drenched tropical coral reefs. But much less is known about species living in the darkness of the deep sea.

An international team of scientists led by Jörg Wiedenmann of the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, Mikhail Matz of the University of Texas in Austin and Charles Mazel from the company NightSea have explored the Gulf of Mexico using a submarine, the US Johnson-Sea-Link II, equipped with a system designed to detect fluorescence.

They discovered a species of a sea anemone-like animal (a ceriantharian, or tube anemone) ““ possibly a new species ““that emits bright green fluorescence. They went on to identify a novel green fluorescent protein.

Although isolated from an animal that lives in essentially complete darkness at depths between 500 and 600 meters and at low temperatures (below 10 °C), the new fluorescent protein, named cerFP505, can be well applied as marker protein in mammalian cells at normal body temperature (37 °C).

The brightness and stability of cerFP505 are similar to other fluorescent proteins used in biomedical research. The fluorescence can be switched on and off in a controlled way by alternating blue and near-ultra violet light. These properties make cerFP505 an ideal lead structure for the development of marker proteins for super-resolution microscopy, say the researchers.

Further useful properties can potentially be built into the fluorescent protein by genetic engineering. “Moreover”, they say, “the discovery of photoswitchable cerFP505 from a deep sea animal reveals the lightless depths of the oceans as a new reservoir of proteins with novel and highly desirable properties for imaging applications”.

The authors of the paper are Alexander Vogt, Cecilia D’Angelo, Franz Oswald, Andrew Denzel, Charles Mazel. Mikhail Matz, Sergey Ivanchenko, Ulrich Nienhaus and Jörg Wiedenmann. This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the NOAA Ocean Exploration Program (‘Operation Deep Scope).

Citation: Vogt A, D’Angelo C, Oswald F, Denzel A, Mazel CH, et al. (2008) A Green Fluorescent Protein with Photoswitchable Emission from the Deep Sea. PLoS ONE 3(11): e3766. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003766

Image 1 Courtesy Wikipedia / Image 2 Courtesy NOC

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Chronic illness can result in anger

People diagnosed with chronic illness face worries about treatment, but also feelings of unfairness and fear, which can turn into anger, a U.S. expert says.

Gary McClain, president of JustGotDiagnosed.com, said that chronic illness can leave patients feeling that their life is spinning out of their control as the medical establishment seems to take over.

When we feel out of control, anger is a natural response, McClain said in a statement.

People with serious health conditions often feel that they shouldn’t show their anger, but instead try to just accept their lot and have a positive attitude, so this strong emotion is often kept inside and pushed to the background.

The Web site JustGotDiagnosed.com has posted anger-management guidelines to help people deal with the anger that often springs from living with serious or chronic illnesses.

The Anger Management Checklist suggests:

— Find a safe person to release the feelings of anger, someone with an open mind, without judgment and without the need to fix you. Once released, anger loses its power.

— Avoid the positive-thinking police. Don’t let anyone, badger you into suppressing your anger and putting on a happy face.

— Take time to grieve what you have lost.

— Let go of the need to be in control. Humans often cling to the belief that they are always in charge of their own destinies, and when they find out they aren’t they get angry.

Juvenile Delinquents Likely To Repeat Criminal Behavior

A new study shows that juvenile delinquents sentenced to either a juvenile retreat, probation or unsupervised community service were seven times more likely to commit criminal acts as adults than youngsters from the control group who managed to avoid the juvenile justice system.

The findings come from Frank Vitaro, a psycho-education professor at the Universit© de Montr©al and researcher at the Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment, who collaborated with UdeM colleague Richard Tremblay as well as Uberto Gatti of the Universit© de Gnes. They compared kids who went through the juvenile justice system with a control group that had similar behavioral and socioeconomic conditions.

They analyzed the cases of 779 francophone, underprivileged Quebecers between kindergarten and age 25. They found 113 youngsters out of the 779 were subjected to judicial intervention between the ages of 12 and 17. To evaluate this impact on their behavior into adulthood several factors were measured and controlled: verbal ability, impulsiveness and hyperactivity, premature delinquency, family structure, family revenue, parental supervision and the delinquency level of their peers.

The study showed that kids who went through the system were seven times more likely to commit criminal acts as adults that correlated with the severity of their sentence. For instance, for the least severe sentence (community service) the risk of relapse is 2.3 percent. However, for the most severe sentence (juvenile retreat) the risk of relapse is 38 percent.

The best way to intervene, according to Vitaro, “is to establish prevention practices using early screening methods.” Several factors can help identify children at risk: young parents, anti-sociability of parents, lack of support, aggressiveness of the child and family setting.

Screening programs must be consistent and permanent support should be provided to select youngsters. “Studies show that prevention programs can help reduce criminality by as much as 50 percent,” says Vitaro.

Kids from juvenile justice system seven times more likely to commit criminal acts Universit© de Montr©al Professor Frank Vitaro correlates severity of sentences with likelihood of relapse

A new study shows that juvenile delinquents sentenced to either a juvenile retreat, probation or unsupervised community service were seven times more likely to commit criminal acts as adults than youngsters from the control group who managed to avoid the juvenile justice system.

The findings come from Frank Vitaro, a psycho-education professor at the Universit© de Montr©al and researcher at the Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment, who collaborated with UdeM colleague Richard Tremblay as well as Uberto Gatti of the Universit© de Gnes. They compared kids who went through the juvenile justice system with a control group that had similar behavioral and socioeconomic conditions.

They analyzed the cases of 779 francophone, underprivileged Quebecers between kindergarten and age 25. They found 113 youngsters out of the 779 were subjected to judicial intervention between the ages of 12 and 17. To evaluate this impact on their behavior into adulthood several factors were measured and controlled: verbal ability, impulsiveness and hyperactivity, premature delinquency, family structure, family revenue, parental supervision and the delinquency level of their peers.

The study showed that kids who went through the system were seven times more likely to commit criminal acts as adults that correlated with the severity of their sentence. For instance, for the least severe sentence (community service) the risk of relapse is 2.3 percent. However, for the most severe sentence (juvenile retreat) the risk of relapse is 38 percent.

The best way to intervene, according to Vitaro, “is to establish prevention practices using early screening methods.” Several factors can help identify children at risk: young parents, anti-sociability of parents, lack of support, aggressiveness of the child and family setting.

Screening programs must be consistent and permanent support should be provided to select youngsters. “Studies show that prevention programs can help reduce criminality by as much as 50 percent,” says Vitaro.

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New Technology May Combat Growing Rates Of Piracy

The hijacking of the Sirius Star, an enormous Saudi oil tanker carrying 2 million barrels of oil worth more than $100 million, has captured the world’s attention.  Indeed, the attack makes the Sirius Star the largest tanker ever to be hijacked.

Worldwide, the number of piracy attacks have fallen by almost 50% during the last five years, from 452 incidents in 2003 to 282 in 2007.  However, off the coast of Somalia such attacks have grown by 100 percent during the past year alone.

Authorities are now looking to new technology to help solve the problem and ensure the safety of ships, crew and cargo.

One such solution may be the use of Long-Range Audio Devices (L-RAD) and Magnetic Acoustic Devices (MAD) — gear that many ships are now beginning to deploy.

The devices are considered ‘non lethal’ weapons, and create sound waves that can travel much farther than those produced by a conventional loud speaker.

“We create our sound through what we call a plane sound source of information, which means a message can be heard a long way away,” Vahan Simidian, CEO of HPV Technologies, who developed MAD, told BBC News. 

“If the captain had concerns about a vessel, they would activate siren mode on the MAD. That will definitely get their attention. You would then tell them that you know that they are there, and that they do not have the element of surprise.

“Should they keep on closing, the captain would commence evasive actions and switch on ‘tone’ – this is a piercing sound that will irritate and disorientate them.”

According to experts, when set to full power this could knock someone off their feet, although the technique is currently only used to communicate to a potential attacker that the ship is aware of their presence. 

“For now, the speakers on a merchant vessel aren’t capable of hurting a person. Is our technology capable of hurting someone? Absolutely,” Mr. Simidian said.

Nick Davis, a former pilot who runs the organization Anti-Piracy Maritime Security Solutions that help protect merchant vessels, has deployed three-man teams to work on vessels in the Gulf of Aden.

He advises that ship owners need to take precautions to protect themselves.

“There are certain types of ship that are liable to pirate attack. It needs to be slow moving – less than 20 mph – and have a low freeboard (that’s the distance between the water and the deck),” he told BBC News.

“For vulnerable vessels, the usual measures employed when a ship leaves port is to hang barbed wire all the way round it, flood the ballast tanks, keep the fire hoses on full power and maintain a permanent deck watch.

“If any [small] ship comes within a mile, you sound the general alarm and crank up the Long-Range Audio Device (L-RAD) and get all the crew on deck,” he said, adding that having technology such as MAD or  L-RAD can make all the difference.

Davis’ team recently helped deter an attack on an 8,500-ton chemical tanker.

“The team identified three boats coming at speed – once they got within a mile, they activated the piracy general alarm. The ship increased speed, and called local coalition forces on VHF,” he said.

“The L-RAD was activated and the crew got on deck. The pirates got within 400m brandishing weapons. However, we were sending warning tones via the L-RAD and eventually they withdrew.”

However, crews must frequently repel boarders. The  conventional tactic is to use a high-pressure hose to push an attacker off the ship.  A Dutch company has developed a 9,000-volt electric fence, called Secure Ship, which could serve as a simple solution to the problem.  Secure Ship is a set of electrified guardrails that would surround the ship, much the same way as similar systems protect military installations.

However, International Maritime Bureau manager Cyrus Moudi believes Secure Ship is not appropriate for every ship.

“The electric fence is non-lethal and can help deter attackers. But it’s not strictly safe and you cannot use it on vessels carrying flammable cargo. Electricity and explosive vapor is not a good mix,” he told BBC News.

“We don’t advocate the use or carriage of weapons on board a vessel. There are better ways of securing your ship. And the primary defense is having a good lookout.”

The job of maintaining proper watch typically falls to radar, unless the crew is on alert.  However, many attacks are conducted in small vessels and identifying them is not an easy task, especially if the suspect vessels use wave ‘clutter’, which can confuse radar.

A company in East Anglia is developing a system that can both spot and identify targets.

Gordon Oswald, technology director for Cambridge Consultants, the firm developing the holographic radar, said that while the technology is still nascent, it had the potential to be an indispensable tool for ships and their crew.

“The holographic radar looks all round a ship, rather than seating a beam in a 360 degree circuit. Which means you can continually observe the target and get more information on what it’s doing, rather than having to plot a course,” he told BBC News.

The device works on a fixed line of sight and would complement traditional radar.  However, unlike other devices, it can form an image of its target.

Worldwide there are now at least 12 vessels and 250 crewmembers that remain in captivity with pirates.  Among them is the Ukrainian freighter MV Faina, which carries 33 tanks and other military hardware and was seized in September.

Image Caption: The AbQaig, an oil tanker of similar capacity as the Sirius Star. (US Navy)

US Doctors Overworked, Many Planning To Retire

A survey of physicians in the United States showed that almost half of doctors plan to reduce their workload or quit altogether, while 60 percent of general practice physicians said they would never recommend medicine as a career.

The Physicians’ Foundation sent surveys to 270, primary care doctors and 50,000 practicing specialists.

The 12,000 answers are considered representative of doctors as a whole, the group said, with a margin of error of about 1 percent. It found that 78 percent of those who answered believe there is a shortage of primary care doctors.

Seventy six percent of physicians said they are working at “full capacity” or “overextended and overworked”.

The findings support the assumption that not enough internal medicine or family practice doctors are trained or practicing in the United States, although there are plenty of specialist physicians.

“The whole thing has spun out of control. I plan to retire early even though I still love seeing patients. The process has just become too burdensome,” one doctor told The Physicians’ Foundation.

Doctor’s groups are lobbying for action to reduce their workload and hold the line on payments for treating Medicare, Medicaid and other patients with federal or state health insurance.

President-elect Barack Obama has made a point to address health care reform, and Congress has made similar vows.

Many of the health plans proposed by members of Congress, insurers and employers’s groups, as well as Obama’s, suggest that electronic medical records would go a long way to saving time and reducing costs.

More than 90 percent of those surveyed said the amount time spent on non-clinical paperwork has increased by 63 percent over the last three years, resulting in less time spent with patients.

“Going into this project we generally knew about the shortage of physicians; what we didn’t know is how much worse it could get over the next few years,” said Lou Goodman, PhD, President, The Physicians’ Foundation. 

“The bottom line is that the person you’ve known as your family doctor could be getting ready to disappear ““ and there might not be a replacement.”

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Prenatal Diagnosis Improved By Microarray Analysis

A “chip” or array that can quickly detect disorders such as Down syndrome or other diseases associated with chromosomal abnormalities proved an effective tool in prenatal diagnosis in a series of 300 cases at Baylor College of Medicine, said researchers in a report that appears in the current issue of the journal Prenatal Diagnosis.

In the report, a team led by Dr. Arthur Beaudet and Dr. Sau Wai Cheung at BCM, described use of array comparative genomic hybridization to analyze samples taken during amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling for chromosomal abnormalities. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling allow researchers to obtain fetal cells for testing.

“Larger studies of this test will help us decide whether it should be used as a first line measure to detect chromosome abnormalities in fetuses,” said Beaudet, chair of molecular and human genetics at BCM and senior author of the report. “They will also enable us to determine whether such testing should be offered more widely to pregnant women.”

Cheung is professor of molecular and human genetics at BCM and director of the College’s Cytogenetics Laboratory.

“The array enables you to detect smaller deletions or duplications of genetic material that would not be seen on a regular karyotype (a depiction of the size, shape and number of chromosome and any abnormalities in them),” said Dr. Ignatia B. Van den Veyver, associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology and molecular and human genetics at BCM and first author of the report. Each of these deletions or duplications is rare but added together, the rate of event could be as high as that seen in Down Syndrome.

In some of these cases where small amounts of DNA are lost or duplicated, children often have significant learning disabilities or health problems that could not be picked up with an ultrasound or other means of prenatal diagnosis, she said.

“This test adds information we could not detect by any other means right now in prenatal diagnosis,” she said.

Array comparative genomic hybridization provides the tools to scan fetal DNA quickly and automatically to identify copy number variation, which indicates the deletion or addition of genetic material at a particular point on the genome.

The array starts with single-stranded fragments of DNA embedded on a glass slide to form the array, which is then exposed to fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA. Half of the labeled DNA is from the fetus being tested and is labeled with one fluorescent color. The other is reference DNA, which is labeled with another color. The fluorescently labeled DNA ““ reference and patient ““ binds to DNA on the array. The color of the fragments will vary based on how much DNA from each binds to the DNA on the array. If the fetus has a DNA duplication, then the patient color on the array will be stronger. If the fetus has a deletion, the reference color will show up stronger. A specialized scanner evaluates the color differences, which are then fed into a computer for analysis.

In this study, most of the women sought prenatal testing because they were older and faced a higher risk of having children with certain chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome. Some had had abnormal ultrasounds and needed more information, and still others had had children with a genetic abnormality previously.

The scientists found 58 copy number variations, which indicate that there is either more or less genetic material than one would expect to find at that location on the chromosome.

Forty of these variations were interpreted as benign. Thirty-nine of them were inherited from a parent who had no evidence of genetic disease. One had been seen before and had not been associated with disease.

In 15 cases when the array detected something that was significant for patient care, the finding was either suspected because the mother “carried” the change in her DNA, or because another prior test, such as a karyotype, had detected it.

Three cases were classified as uncertain. Two of these involved copy number variations, not seen before and not inherited from the parents, in fetuses with birth defects identified on the prenatal ultrasound. In one, the array findings were interpreted as likely unrelated to the birth defects and in the other they were thought to cause the defects. In the third case, there was a relatively large deletion in an area of chromosome 3, but it was also present in the mother, who had no reported medical problems.

In two cases the array comparative genome hybridization identified disorders that would have been missed otherwise and in seven cases the results added new information about risk of disease valuable in genetic counseling.

“My conclusion is, that providing there is good genetic counseling that accompanies it, the test can be offered to prospective parents who want prenatal diagnosis. There are many parents interested in having this additional diagnostic information,” said Van den Veyver. “If we use an array that is targeted and we have parental samples to confirm the meaning of detected changes, in the majority of cases, we will be able to counsel the patients about the significance of the findings.”

Others who took part in this research include Ankita Patel, Chad A. Shaw, Amber N. Pursley, Sung-Hae L.Kang, Marcia J. Simovich, Patricia A. Ward, Sandra Darilek, Anthony Johnson, Sarah E Neill, Weimin Bi, Lisa D. White, Christine M. Eng, James R. Lupski and Sau Wai Cheung, all of BCM.

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Survey Shows Half Of Adults Refuse Flu Shots

A new survey suggests that nearly half of U.S. adults plan on skipping their flu shot this year, often for dubious reasons.

According to the survey by Consumer Reports Health, about 48 percent of adults said they would not get vaccinated this season, citing such reasons as “I don’t get sick,” and the erroneous belief that the vaccine causes the flu.

Two-thirds of the 2,011 survey respondents thought it was better to build up a “natural immunity” to the flu virus than to be vaccinated.

“There is no evidence that people who get flu shots have lower natural immunities or that people who don’t get flu shots have higher immunities,” said Dr. John Santa, director of the Consumer Reports Health Ratings Center.

Flu season begins in late October and can last until as late as May.

Most people over the age of 6 months are recommended to get a flu shot every year. Experts say it is especially important for people at elevated risk of potentially fatal flu complications like pneumonia — including adults older than 50 and people with chronic health conditions like heart disease, lung disease and kidney disease.

Although it is not possible to catch the infection from the vaccine, some people do, however, develop a mild fever for a day or two after the shot, as the immune system reacts to the vaccine.

Only 52 percent of the current survey respondents said they planned on being vaccinated this flu season. Respondent’s most common reasons for refusing the vaccine were that they “don’t get sick,” (45 percent), they knew someone who’d gotten sick from the vaccine (41 percent) and they believed the vaccine to be ineffective (26 percent).

One-third of those worried about the vaccine’s side effects, while roughly one-quarter said they either did not like shots or did not like doctors.

But Santa called them excuses and misconceptions to avoid a quick and inexpensive, if not free, shot.

“People need to know that getting a flu vaccination every year is the best way to prevent the flu,” he added.

“The vaccine will not make them sick or give them the flu. Without it, they and their families are at higher risk of getting the flu. If they get the flu they may transmit it to vulnerable people for whom the consequences may be serious.”

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Researchers Call For More Flexible Approach To Vaccine Funding

Including quality-of-life impacts in assessments of national vaccination programs would lead to many benefits, including improved productivity and less sick leave for parents, according to an editorial co-authored by a UNSW researcher, that has appeared the Lancet Infectious Diseases.

Such initiatives would also protect others in society, while getting the maximum impact of population vaccination programs.

The paper, co-authored by Professor Raina MacIntyre, head of the School of Public Health and Community Medicine at UNSW, argues that governments should take a broader perspective when considering whether to fund vaccines.

The editorial stresses the holistic assessment would be better in determining the cost-effectiveness of vaccines.

“The influenza vaccine is currently recommended for those who are 65 years and older and anyone over 50 with a chronic disease – but it could be even more cost-effective in children,” said Professor MacIntyre.

“Children shed viruses for longer and at higher doses than adults do, which is why families with young children are often plagued with illness,” explained Professor MacIntyre, who is the senior author of the paper.

The central argument of the editorial is that vaccinations should have different funding criteria from drugs.

“Vaccines have features that require special consideration when assessing their cost-effectiveness,” the authors wrote. “These features are related to herd immunity, quality-of-life losses in young children, parental care and work loss, time preference, uncertainty, eradication, macroeconomics, and tiered pricing.”

The paper looks at a range of vaccination programs which could be implemented in developed countries for diseases such as chickenpox, shingles and hepatitis A.

Professor MacIntyre is affiliated with the National Centre for Immunization Research. The lead author is Dr Philippe Beutels from the University of Antwerp and the co-author is Dr Paul Scuffham from Griffith University.

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Infant Death Toll In Question On China’s Tainted Milk Scandal

Nine-month-old Li Xiaokai died of kidney failure on the old wooden bed in her family’s farmhouse on September 10.

Her grandmother wrapped her in a wool blanket, and her father handed over her body to village men for burial.   At the time, doctors and her family were not sure how she died, but media reports a day later said the type of infant formula Xiaokai had been drinking had been contaminated with the industrial chemical melamine.

However, her death, along with those of at least four other babies, are not included in China’s official death toll from the nation’s worst food safety tragedy in years. Currently, China’s Health Ministry’s death count from the incident stands at only three.

Melamine is a chemical used as a flame retardant and also serves as a binding agent to make cooking utensils and industrial coatings.  The chemical is rich in nitrogen, and has appeal as a low-cost additive to milk and other foods since nitrogen registers as protein on many common tests.

The stories of Xiaokai and other uncounted babies suggest the scandal has created a higher human toll than the government has acknowledged.  And without an official verdict on the deaths, families are concerned they will be unable to file lawsuits and would be refused compensation.

No one as of yet is suggesting large numbers of deaths are being covered up, but so many months passed before the scandal was finally exposed that it’s likely more babies were sickened or killed than official figures indicate.

China’s reluctance to acknowledge a higher toll is supports existing perceptions by some that the authoritarian government cares more about deflecting criticism than assisting families.  Lawyers, doctors and reporters have privately admitted that Chinese authorities pressured them not to highlight the human costs of the scandal or efforts to obtain compensation from the government or Sanlu, the firm that made the formula.

“It’s hard to say how the government will handle this matter,” Zhang Xinkui, a Beijing-based lawyer gathering evidence of the contamination for a possible lawsuit, told the AP.

“There may be many children who perhaps died from drinking Sanlu powdered milk or perhaps from a different cause. But there’s no system in place to find out.”

In the weeks following Xiaokai’s death, her father and his older brother have spoken with lawyers and implored health officials, to no avail.

“My heart is in pain,” her father, Li Xiaoquan, told the AP, as he pulled an old green box that once held apples but is now full of empty pink wrappers of the Sanlu Infant Formula Milk Powder his daughter nursed on.

“We think someone, the company, should compensate us.”

In coal-mining region 450 miles northwest, Tian Xiaowei removes five small photos of a baby boy from a plastic document folder, the only mementos remaining of year-old Tian Jin, who died in August.

“I want these people who poisoned the milk powder to receive the severest punishment under law. I want an explanation and I want consolation for my dead child,” Tian, an apple farmer and part-time truck driver, told the AP.

“I feel like we could die from regret. If we knew that it was contaminated, we would never have fed him that.”

Since the scandal was initially reported in September, Beijing has said that Shijiazhuang Sanlu Group Co. knew as early as last year that its products were contaminated with melamine, and that company and local officials originally tried to conceal the disaster. 

The government has pledged free medical treatment to the 50,000 sickened children, and unspecified compensation to them and the families of babies killed by the formula.

The Health Ministry is managing the government’s response, but declined to answer questions about the compensation and the extent to which it was investigating deaths and illnesses not yet counted by the government.

Though melamine is not thought harmful in very small amounts, higher concentrations produce kidney stones that can block the ducts that carry urine from the body.  In severe cases it can result in kidney failure.

According to the families, medical records or state media accounts, all eight babies who died were diagnosed with kidney failure and reportedly consumed Sanlu infant formula or powdered milk.

The fathers of Li Xiaokai and Tian Jin both have inch-thick bundles of medical reports from their children’s hospital stays. Xiaokai, a twin three minutes older than her sister Xiaoyan, was fed with Sanlu formula while the younger girl nursed on breast milk because their mother did not have enough for both, family members said.

An ultrasound of Xiaokai’s kidneys revealed a stone in each kidney that was roughly the size of a small marble and 2 1/2 times larger than what doctors call a critical threshold.

In September, Tian Xiaowei sent bags of Sanlu infant formula to a government laboratory. An October 8 Xi’an Product Quality Supervision Institute report revealed melamine levels of 1,748 milligrams per kilogram, more than 800 times the government-established limit.

Wang Siyu, the daughter of an accountant and owners or an Internet cafe in Shangqiu, was fed Sanlu products from birth and developed recurring kidney problems in May of last year at age 3, said her mother, Li Songmei.

After twice being hospitalized, she was taken off Sanlu milk and started to recover, but later fell ill again when the family began to give her Sanlu products, Li said. She died of kidney failure at the Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital on May 2 after falling sick and swollen third time, Li said.

“Ever since she was born, she had been using Sanlu milk. Only when she felt sick and couldn’t eat did she stop taking Sanlu,” Li told the AP.

Other among the five include an infant in Xinjiang province whose story was reported on the government Web site, and a 6-month-old boy in Jiangxi province reported by the New Legal Daily.

A reporter who worked on the story would give only his surname, Liu, and said the newspaper was careful not to blame Cai Cong’s death on Sanlu because “the local government has not yet reached a verdict.”

Experts say kidney stones in infants are rare, but doctors in several parts of China began noticing a rise in cases over the past two years. Pediatric urologist Feng Dongchuan tried to warn of the events, posting an item on his Web site in July about a jump in cases at his hospital in the central city of Xuzhou and in neighboring Nanjing city.  Feng said infant formula was the likely cause.

“The chance for infants or small children to come down with kidney stones is very small, and having stones that obstruct both kidneys is even more rare,” Feng said in an e-mail to AP, after having first refused requests for interviews.

Like the others, the Li family became concerned when Xiaokai became fussy in July.  By August, the infant was running a high fever despite higher doses of medicine.  Alarmed after Xiaokai stopped eating and urinating, the family took her to the Runnan county hospital on August 18, where doctors diagnosed her with kidney failure and rushed her by ambulance to Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital.

“They knew right away,” said Li.

Xiaokai was run given multiple tests and put on intravenous solutions to try to shrink the kidney stones.  Unable to afford a hotel, Li and his mother slept on the pavement outside the hospital.  Five days later, the hospital said it could do no more.

“The doctors wouldn’t operate because they said ‘she’s too small,'” said Li. They suggested taking Xiaokai to Shanghai or Beijing.  

The hospital stay in Zhengzhou cost 7,331 yuan, or $1,070, roughly one year’s income for the family, who had already borrowed money to pay for Xiaokai’s healthcare.

So Li brought Xiaokai home to die. They took her to a traditional medicine doctor, who could only confirm the grim prognosis.

“The old doctor told us ‘the child will die in 10 to 18 days,'” Li said.

Early on September 10, Xiaokai’s grandmother called Li into the side room where she and the baby slept.

“Her stomach was puffy and she wasn’t breathing,” he said.

In many parts of north China, the death of a child is considered a bad luck that can bring misfortune on a family and is therefore best concealed.

So Li Haiqin, a cousin, and three other men took Xiaokai to a creek on the far side of the village fields for burial. They put a brick in the blanket with Xiaokai’s body and placed it in a hole under a path between rows of poplar trees. Then they returned home in somber silence.  No close family members were present at the burial, and none were told the location of the grave.

Xiaokai’s family says Beijing had waived traditional inspections of Sanlu because its quality controls were believed to be excellent.
“The government should shoulder its responsibility. This was a national brand, inspection-exempt products,” Xiaokai’s uncle, Li Shenyi, told the AP.

Since Xiaokai’s death, Li Shenyi approached the Runnan county Health Bureau to attribute the death to the tainted formula.

“They said the upper levels (of government) were working on it,” he said.

According to an AP report, county health bureau referred calls to its supervisors in Zhumadian city, who said ultimately Beijing’s decision.

“Right now, the Health Ministry has no clear explanation on how the victim’s families should be compensated,” said Ms. Shang at the Zhumadian Health Bureau’s medical affairs office.

“Nobody knows.”

Aspirin Usage, Lower PSA Levels In Men Linked

The use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is significantly associated with lower PSA levels, especially among men with prostate cancer, say researchers at Vanderbilt University.

This large analysis known as the Nashville Men’s Health Study included 1,277 participants referred to a urologist for a biopsy of their prostate. Approximately 46 percent of the men reported taking an NSAID, mostly aspirin (37 percent of all men). After adjusting for age, race, family prostate cancer history, obesity, and other variables that have independent effects on the size of the prostate organ, cancer risk, and PSA levels, the researchers found that aspirin use was significantly associated with lower PSA levels. PSA levels were 9 percent lower in men taking aspirin (the NSAID most commonly used) compared with men who did not use aspirin, say the researchers, who will present their findings at the American Association for Cancer Research’s Seventh Annual International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research.

A PSA test is used widely as a method to screen men for the possibility of prostate cancer, with higher blood PSA levels suggesting a greater chance of having prostate cancer. High PSA levels can also signify benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate organ.

“To begin to understand how aspirin may lower PSA, we also looked at the association between NSAID use and prostate volume,” said the study’s lead investigator Jay H. Fowke, Ph.D., an assistant professor in medicine at Vanderbilt. “Aspirin users and men who didn’t use aspirin had the same prostate volume, so I don’t think aspirin was changing PSA by changing the prostate volume. It was doing something different, and that suggests a beneficial effect on cancer development.”

Furthermore, “the effect of aspirin on PSA was only somewhat evident among men without prostate cancer but was strongest in men later found to have prostate cancer. This also suggests an effect on cancer as opposed to other prostate diseases.”

“There are several ways to consider the impact of these results,” said Dr. Fowke.

“Several prior studies reported anti-inflammatory drugs like NSAIDs were associated with lower prostate cancer risk. Our data also suggest that NSAID use has a beneficial effect on prostate cancer. These findings could be consistent with a protective effect, because aspirin reduced PSA levels more among those men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer than among men with other prostate diseases.”

However, these data also indicate that NSAID use could affect our ability to detect prostate cancer, regardless of any reduction in prostate cancer risk. “This analysis raises the concern that aspirin and other NSAIDs may lower PSA levels below the level of clinical suspicion without having any effect on prostate cancer development, and if that is true, use of these agents could be hampering our ability to detect early-stage prostate cancer through PSA screening,” Fowke said.

It is also possible that results from prior studies suggesting that NSAID use reduced prostate cancer risk may just be picking up a reduced ability to detect prostate cancer among NSAID users.

These results are consistent with a recent survey of healthy men from the general population, and future studies will need to find a way to determine if NSAID use is affecting prostate cancer risk or our simply our ability to detect prostate cancer.

“It will be important to understand which mechanism is in play because many men take NSAIDs for their cardiovascular health, so we need to know whether that reduces their prostate cancer risk, or simply reduces PSA, which would then be even less reliable as a marker of prostate cancer risk,” he said. “Basing treatment on an artificially suppressed PSA score would also be problematic.”

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Emergency Declared in California Wildfire

California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency in Santa Barbara County Friday as an out-of-control wildfire raged near Montecito.

The wind-driven Tea Fire destroyed more than 100 homes and forced thousands of residents to evacuate their neghborhoods after breaking out shortly after sunset Thursday.

Schwarzenegger said in a written statement that he was making all state resources available to the fire commanders and was requesting assistance from the federal government as well.

The Montecito Fire Department issued a public appeal for county residents to conserve water in order to maintain the levels of critically low reservoirs.

The fire was estimated at 2,500 acres Friday morning and had caused 10 injuries, including smoke inhalation and burns, as it was pushed into residential areas the Los Angeles Times described as having incredible views and stands of trees that include oaks and highly flammable eucalyptus.

Montecito, located a few hours north of Los Angeles, has attracted celebrity homeowners including actors Michael Douglas and Rob Lowe, and talk show host Oprah Winfrey.

Web Neutrality Bill May Become Law

In the ongoing battle over so-called network neutrality, a senior U.S. lawmaker plans to introduce a bill in January that would bar Internet providers like AT&T Inc from blocking Web content.

A top Dorgan aide said on Thursday that Sen. Byron Dorgan, a North Dakota Democrat, believes a law is essential to prevent telephone and cable companies from discriminating against Internet content, even though regulators have taken actions to enforce free Web principles.

Speaking at a University of Nebraska law school event on changes in telecom law after the election of Democrat Barack Obama, Frannie Wellings, telecom counsel to Dorgan, said her camp feels that legislation is definitely necessary.

Dorgan will be among the highest-ranking Democrats on the Senate’s Commerce Committee when it reconvenes in January and has, in the past, been influential on the issue.

The net neutrality fight pits Internet service providers (ISPs) like AT&T against content companies like Google and Microsoft.

The ISPs say they need to manage the ever-growing traffic on their networks without government interference.

But content companies say the ISPs hold too power much to block or slow down traffic requiring more bandwidth, such as movie downloads, or certain content altogether.

However, President-elect Barack Obama supports net neutrality legislation. Wellings said the election of Obama and more Democrats who back the concept adds momentum to the cause.

An AT&T official said that a recent Federal Communications Commission decision ordering Comcast to stop impeding the sharing of certain content between users proves regulators already have the authority.

Jim Cicconi, AT&T executive vice president for regulatory affairs, said the current (FCC) principles already deal with unreasonable discrimination, pointing to the Comcast case.

“The public would not pay for its Internet services if AT&T discriminated against content. We’d be shooting ourselves in the foot.”

Experts say with Comcast suing the FCC over the issue, much depends on the outcome of that case. Legislation will become much more likely if the court sides with Comcast.

“The telephone and cable companies say trust them,” said Markham Erickson, director of the Open Internet Coalition, a trade group that lobbies for net neutrality, with members such as Google and eBay.

“We will trust but verify.”

Viacor, Inc. Announces First Patient Treated in PTOLEMY-2 Study

WILMINGTON, Mass., Nov. 14 /PRNewswire/ — Viacor, Inc., a privately held company focused on the development of percutaneous therapies for cardiac valve repair, announced today that the first patient in the PTOLEMY-2 (Percutaneous TransvenOus Mitral AnnuloplastY) study has recently been successfully treated. PTOLEMY-2 is an international, multi-center clinical trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of the Viacor PTMA(R) (Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Annuloplasty) system in heart failure patients.

The first PTOLEMY-2 patient was treated by Rainer Hoffmann, MD, PhD and Patrick Schauerte, MD at the Universitatsklinikum Aachen of the Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule in Aachen, Germany. “We are delighted to have treated the first patient in the PTOLEMY-2 study,” said Prof. Hoffmann, Director of Interventional Cardiology in Aachen. “We were very pleased with the precision of the procedure and look forward to enrolling more patients.”

Stefan Sack, MD, PhD, Chief of Cardiology, Pneumology and Intensive Care at the Stadtisches Klinikum Munchen in Munich, Germany and Principal Investigator of the PTOLEMY-2 study added, “As is being demonstrated with percutaneous aortic valve implantation, a percutaneous approach to mitral valve repair may soon become an important, less-invasive treatment option in appropriate patients.”

The Viacor PTMA(R) system is designed to reduce symptomatic functional mitral regurgitation in heart failure patients. Utilizing an over-the-wire, fully percutaneous approach, the 7F PTMA(R) system is composed of an implantable multi-lumen catheter with internally placed nitinol rods which re-shape the mitral annulus to improve anterior-posterior leaflet coaptation. The PTMA(R) system permits evaluation and optimization of therapeutic effect in-situ prior to permanent implantation, and remains fully retrievable thereafter via percutaneous subclavicular access.

“Viacor has taken a methodical approach to the development and early clinical evaluation of the PTMA(R) system to ensure that it is ready for routine use in a clinical setting,” said Jonathan M. Rourke, President and CEO of Viacor, Inc. “Prioritizing patient safety, ensuring applicability across a broad spectrum of patients, and striving to create a device which is easy to use in a conventional cardiac cath lab setting were all design goals of the PTMA(R) system which I am confident we have now achieved. We remain grateful to our clinical investigators worldwide, many of whom have worked with us for more than six years, for their contributions and continuing collaboration.”

An estimated 20 million people suffer from heart failure worldwide, with at least 15% exhibiting moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation. Over 2 million new patients are diagnosed with heart failure every year in Europe, Canada and the United States.

In heart failure patients, mitral regurgitation contributes to a progressively deteriorating course of volume overload, decreased left ventricular function, and worsening heart failure symptoms. As the heart expands, the annulus of the mitral valve expands with it, preventing normal coaptation of the mitral valve leaflets, resulting in the regurgitation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium. Current treatment alternatives include palliative medical management of the symptoms and surgical correction of the valve involving cardio-pulmonary bypass and lengthy recovery times. Due to advanced age or other medical conditions, many heart failure patients with mitral regurgitation are not candidates for surgical intervention.

The PTOLEMY-2 study, which follows upon the successful completion of the PTOLEMY-1 study in April, 2008, will treat up to 60 patients at investigational sites in Europe, Canada, and the United States. Patients presenting with moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation, NYHA class II – IV and left ventricular ejection fraction between 25% – 50% will be included.

http://www.viacorinc.com/

Viacor, Inc.

CONTACT: Richard T. Spencer, Vice President of Marketing and BusinessDevelopment of Viacor, Inc., +1-978-657-5099, [email protected]

Web Site: http://www.viacorinc.com/

Urgent Care at Apple Valley Medical Center Sees Jump in Visits

Urgent care facilities are becoming more popular among individuals seeking convenient, economical care for non-life-threatening illnesses or injuries, as evidenced by trends at the Apple Valley Medical Center. For the first ten months in 2008, the 24-hour Urgent Care at the Apple Valley Medical Center saw 33,000 patient visits, up 6.1 percent from the same period in 2007. For the full year 2007, approximately 37,000 patient visits were recorded, more than in many Emergency Departments of busy hospitals.

November 10-14 was the first Urgent Care Awareness Week, as designated by the Urgent Care Association of America.

The Apple Valley Medical Center has offered 24-hour Urgent Care since it opened in 1974, just ahead of the urgent care trend. Even today, 24-hour urgent care facilities are rare. “We believe individuals are using urgent care facilities more often because the wait time and cost are generally less than at an Emergency Department,” said David Maas, M.D., Medical Director of the Urgent Care at the Apple Valley Medical Center. “Without urgent care, patients must wait for an appointment with their primary care physician or make an expensive visit to a hospital emergency room to wait sometimes hours before being seen.”

At the Apple Valley Medical Center Urgent Care, a licensed, Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)-certified physician is on duty 24 hours a day. Registered nurses (RNs) on duty also have ACLS certification, and some of them are Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) and Trauma Core certified, as well. There is a wide selection of diagnostic and therapeutic services, including 24-hour x-ray, laboratory testing and procedure rooms for lacerations and fractures. Access to an on-site pharmacy is available during extended hours Monday through Saturday.

The Urgent Care at Apple Valley Medical Center prides itself on service. “In a March 2008 time study, we calculated our average patient time from door to door at one hour, including peak times,” said Maas. “We have a policy that if the patient wait time hits one hour, we call in the ‘on call’ physician.” According to the Centers for Disease Control, approximately 40 percent of visits to hospital emergency departments are for non-emergencies, creating average wait times of 3.2 hours.

Most Urgent Care patients come in with coughs, infections, sprains or flu. When someone arrives who needs a higher level of care, staff members stabilize the patient and arrange for an ambulance to take the patient to a hospital. “We have a working relationship with United Hospital’s Nasseff Heart Center with average door-to-treatment times of less than 90 minutes for patients with serious heart conditions,” said Maas. However, he stressed that someone with chest pain, severe bleeding or serious injuries should call 911 or head directly to a hospital Emergency Department.

In addition to the 24-hour Urgent Care, the Apple Valley Medical Center includes the independent Apple Valley Medical Clinic of 13 family practice physicians, serving patients from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m., five days a week. There also are 26 specialty physicians seeing patients through the United Specialty Center. Specialists on the campus provide services in allergy and asthma; ankle and foot; cardiology; colon and rectal surgery; dermatology; ear, nose and throat; general surgery; low back & neck care; neurology; ob/gyn; ophthalmology; orthopedics; plastic surgery; podiatry and urology. The center also houses United Medical Imaging for digital mammography, ultrasound, CT and MRI scans; a full-service pharmacy; and physical medicine and rehabilitation care through Integrated Medical Rehabilitation.

Gladstone Wins Contract for Virgin Active’s Australian Launch

Gladstone, a provider of software solutions and services to the health, leisure and education markets, has won a contract to supply Virgin Active’s first health club in Australia with its Plus2 membership relationship management software.

According to Gladstone, its Plus2 platform is a leisure management system designed to meet the diverse needs of both single and multi-site health clubs, and is ideally suited for Virgin Active’s health and fitness facilities.

Said Ziai, chairman and chief executive of Gladstone, said: “I am delighted we have won the contract to provide Virgin Active with the comprehensive membership and bookings systems they require. We believe we have the potential to substantially grow this relationship. This contract is a result of a continual development of our international presence, and is a reflection of the substantial resources we’ve put into both developing our flagship product Plus2 and our international sales presence. This win adds another respected name to our growing customer base.”

Mark Blackman, CEO and general manager of Virgin Active Australia, said: “Gladstone’s membership relationship management software is ideally suited to the needs of our first Australian facility. Australia has one of the strongest health and fitness markets in the world, and we look forward to rolling out a wider network of clubs throughout the country.”

MedCath Corporation Reports Fourth Quarter Earnings, Enters New Credit Facility and Announces Redemption of 9 7/8% Senior Notes

CHARLOTTE, N.C., Nov. 13 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ — MedCath Corporation , a healthcare provider focused on high acuity healthcare services, predominately the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease, today announced its operating results for its fourth fiscal quarter, which ended September 30, 2008.

In addition, MedCath announced the completion of the syndication of a new $160.0 million, three-year senior secured credit facility. The credit facility consists of a $75.0 million term loan and an $85.0 million revolver. Proceeds of the term loan will be used to repurchase all of MedCath’s outstanding 9.875% Senior Notes, while the revolver will replace MedCath’s existing revolver.

MedCath’s EPS from continuing operations equaled $0.02 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008. Strong cash flows during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 resulted in MedCath’s Adjusted Free Cash Flows equaling $0.41 per diluted share.

Fourth Quarter 2008 Results

MedCath’s reported net revenue increased 4.0% to $150.9 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 from $145.1 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007. Income from operations decreased to $5.2 million from $14.4 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007 and Adjusted EBITDA decreased to $12.5 million from $22.7 million in the same period of the prior year. MedCath’s income from continuing operations was $0.4 million, or $0.02 per diluted share, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 compared to $2.5 million, or $0.11 per diluted share, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007.

MedCath’s Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 includes the following significant items related to the resolution of prior years’ activities:

— A $0.9 million decrease in Adjusted EBITDA related to settlement expense and legal cost of a non-patient dispute between MedCath Partners and a hospital that receives catheterization management services from a venture in which MedCath Partners is the majority owner; and

— A $1.4 million reduction in net revenue and Adjusted EBITDA related to prior period cost reports and prior period cost report valuation allowances, primarily related to Medicare.

In addition, MedCath’s Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 reflects the following significant items:

— A $3.0 million reduction in Adjusted EBITDA in comparison to the third quarter of 2008 at two hospitals that experienced a sequential decline in patient volumes;

— A $2.0 million reduction in Adjusted EBITDA due to an increase in reserves for doubtful accounts related to lower collection percentage of certain patient accounts, most notably in the collection of the self-pay portion of commercial insurance contracts and in the collections from patients applying, but not approved for, government assistance; and

— A $0.9 million reduction in Adjusted EBITDA due to an increase in accounts receivable allowance to reflect the expectation of lower reimbursement for commercial non-contract ER business at one of our hospitals.

Adjusted EBITDA in this release does not include share-based compensation or pre-opening expenses, but these items are included as a component of income from continuing operations. Share-based compensation expense provided a $0.5 million benefit in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, or $0.01 per diluted share, compared to a $0.5 million expense, or $0.01 per diluted share, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007. Pre-opening expenses totaled $0.1 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, compared to $0.6 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007.

“During the fourth quarter we experienced an increase in drug-eluting stent and certain surgery volumes,” said Ed French, MedCath’s President and Chief Executive Officer. “Despite these improved volumes, we were challenged by higher operating expense, especially uncompensated care expense. As we look forward, we see continued near-term challenges from current economic uncertainties and their impact on surgeries that might be delayed and ultimate collections on procedures performed.”

Capitalized interest totaled $1.1 million in the fourth quarter primarily due to construction projects in Kingman, Arizona and St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana. There was a nominal amount of capitalized interest in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007. MedCath’s annualized effective income tax rate increased to 42.5% at its fiscal year end from 39.0% at its fiscal third quarter of 2008.

Operating Statistics, Cash Flow and Capital Expenditures

Same facility hospital admissions in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 were 6,980, down 1.9% compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007. Total admissions through the emergency department equaled 25.2% of admissions for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 in comparison to 26.2% in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007.

Self-pay admissions equaled 2.5% of total admissions in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, in comparison to 2.4% of total admissions in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007. Total uncompensated care, which includes charity care plus bad debt expense, equaled 10.4% of net revenue before the deduction for charity care in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 compared to 7.4% in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007.

Same facility hospital outpatient visits totaled 7,542 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008, up 22.5% in comparison to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007. Adjusted admissions of 9,976 were up 3.7% in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 in comparison to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007.

Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 was $13.6 million, down from $15.9 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007. Cash capital expenditures, including $21.4 million in expenditures related to MedCath’s growth initiatives, totaled $29.5 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 in comparison to $17.8 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007.

Bank Credit Facility

MedCath also announced today the completion of the syndication of a $160.0 million, three-year senior secured credit facility. The syndication was jointly led by Bank of America, N.A. as the administrative agent and Wachovia Bank, National Association, as the syndication agent.

The credit facility consists of a $75.0 million term loan and an $85.0 million revolver, and is secured with a lien on the assets of MedCath and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The credit facility is governed by customary financial and non-financial covenants and its interest rate is subject to a pricing grid based on MedCath’s total leverage ratio. The initial pricing is at MedCath’s option of either the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus 300 bps, or Bank of America’s base rate, as defined in the agreement, plus 200 bps.

MedCath will use the proceeds of the $75.0 million term loan, along with cash on hand, to repurchase all of the Company’s $102.0 million outstanding 9 7/8% senior notes, plus pay the notes’ repurchase premium of approximately $5.0 million. The $85.0 million revolver replaces MedCath’s current $100.0 million revolver and will be available to support general corporate purposes. In addition to the repurchase premium, MedCath will incur approximately $2.0 million in expense in its first quarter of fiscal 2009, ending December 31, 2008, related to the write-off of previously incurred financing cost.

“We are pleased to announce the consummation of our new credit facility and notification of our notes repurchase,” said Jeff Hinton, MedCath’s Chief Financial Officer. “The facility represents a significant increase in bank commitments despite unprecedented volatility in the credit markets. The facility allows MedCath to significantly reduce borrowing costs, fund previously announced growth capital requirements and selectively pursue hospital acquisitions or limited share repurchases.”

2009 Guidance

MedCath also announced today that due to its development activities and diversification strategy, which are expected to result in the opening of 150 inpatient beds over the next 12 months, it is eliminating the previous practice of providing annual financial guidance. The decision to end this practice is based on management’s belief that its actual performance and the successful execution of its long-term strategy are the best measures of the Company’s value.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This release contains measures of MedCath’s historical financial performance that are not calculated and presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), including Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Free Cash Flows. Adjusted EBITDA represents MedCath’s income from continuing operations before interest expense; interest and other income, net; income tax expense; depreciation; amortization; share-based compensation expense; pre-opening expenses; loss on disposal of property, equipment and other assets; loss on early extinguishment of debt; equity in net earnings of unconsolidated affiliates; and minority interest share of earnings of consolidated subsidiaries. Free Cash Flows is defined as cash flows from continuing operations less non-expansion capital expenditures. Management further adjusts the calculation of Free Cash Flows in arriving at Adjusted Free Cash Flows by adjusting Free Cash Flows to evenly disseminate interest payments paid twice a year. MedCath’s management uses Adjusted EBITDA to measure the performance of the company’s various operating entities, to compare actual results to historical and budgeted results, and to make capital allocation decisions. Management provides Adjusted EBITDA to investors to assist them in performing their analyses of MedCath’s historical operating results. Further, management believes that many investors in MedCath also invest in, or have knowledge of, other healthcare companies that use Adjusted EBITDA as a financial performance measure. Because Adjusted EBITDA is a non- GAAP measure, Adjusted EBITDA, as defined above, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. MedCath has included a supplemental schedule with the financial statements that accompanies this press release that reconciles historical Adjusted EBITDA to MedCath’s income from continuing operations. Adjusted Free Cash Flow is utilized by management to measure the quality of MedCath’s earnings.

Management will discuss and answer questions regarding MedCath’s quarterly results Friday, November 14, 2008, during a 9 a.m. ET conference call. In the United States, you may participate by dialing (877) 697-5351. International callers should dial (706) 634-0602. The conference ID for both domestic and international callers is 71798429. A live web cast will also be available on the company’s web site, http://www.medcath.com/. This information will be available on the web site on or immediately following the conference call for 30 days. A recorded replay of the call will be available until 11:59 p.m. ET, November 21, 2008. To access the replay, domestic callers should dial (800) 642-1687 and international callers should dial (706) 645-9291. The archived conference ID is 71798429. This press release and the financial information included therewith will be accessible on the web, by going to http://www.medcath.com/, “Investor Relations,” then clicking on “News.”

MedCath Corporation, headquartered in Charlotte, N.C., is a healthcare provider focused on high acuity services with the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease being a primary service offering. MedCath owns an interest in and operates nine hospitals with a total of 676 licensed beds, located in Arizona, Arkansas, California, Louisiana, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Texas. MedCath is in the process of developing its tenth hospital, which is anticipated to open in fall 2009, in Kingman, Ariz. In addition, MedCath and its subsidiary MedCath Partners provide services in diagnostic and therapeutic facilities in various states.

Parts of this announcement contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Although management believes that these forward- looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, these assumptions are inherently subject to significant economic, regulatory and competitive uncertainties and contingencies that are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and are beyond our control including, but not limited to, enactment of changes in federal law that would limit physician hospital ownership. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in these forward- looking statements. We do not assume any obligation to update these statements in a news release or otherwise should material facts or circumstances change in ways that would affect their accuracy. The preparation of MedCath’s fourth quarter operating results requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of revenues and expenses. There is a reasonable possibility that actual results may vary significantly from those estimates.

These various risks and uncertainties are described in detail in “Risk Factors” in MedCath’s Annual Report or Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2007 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 14, 2007. Copies of this form including exhibits are available on the internet site of the Securities and Exchange Commission at http://www.sec.gov/.

                              MEDCATH CORPORATION                     CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS                     (In thousands, except per share data)                                  (Unaudited)                                       Three Months Ended  Twelve Months Ended                                         September 30,       September 30,                                        2008      2007      2008      2007      Net revenue                      $150,921  $145,084  $613,955  $660,603     Operating expenses:       Personnel expense                50,163    47,200   201,685   209,501       Medical supplies expense         44,010    38,768   170,801   176,615       Bad debt expense                 11,839     9,011    43,691    51,360       Other operating expenses         31,933    27,851   121,174   129,770       Pre-opening expenses                143       555       786       555       Depreciation                      7,670     6,748    30,261    31,236       Amortization                        149       126       560       631       (Gain) loss on disposal of        property, equipment and other        assets                            (143)      420       248     1,447         Total operating expenses      145,764   130,679   569,206   601,115     Income from operations              5,157    14,405    44,749    59,488     Other income (expenses):       Interest expense                 (2,642)   (3,916)  (14,300)  (22,068)       Loss on early extinguishment        of debt                            -        (223)      -      (9,931)       Interest and other income, net      100     1,568     2,043     7,843       Equity in net earnings of        unconsolidated affiliates        1,049    (2,922)    7,891     5,739         Total other expenses, net      (1,493)   (5,493)   (4,366)  (18,417)     Income from continuing      operations before minority      interest and income taxes          3,664     8,912    40,383    41,071     Minority interest share of      earnings of consolidated      subsidiaries                      (1,617)   (4,437)  (15,476)  (13,917)     Income from continuing      operations before income taxes     2,047     4,475    24,907    27,154     Income tax expense                  1,670     2,022    10,587    11,903     Income from continuing      operations                           377     2,453    14,320    15,251     Income (loss) from discontinued      operations, net of taxes             344    (1,545)    6,922    (3,724)     Net income                           $721      $908   $21,242   $11,527      Earnings (loss) per share, basic        Continuing operations            $0.02     $0.11     $0.71     $0.73        Discontinued operations           0.02     (0.07)     0.35     (0.17)        Earnings (loss) per share,         basic                           $0.04     $0.04     $1.06     $0.56      Earnings (loss) per share,      diluted        Continuing operations            $0.02     $0.11     $0.71     $0.71        Discontinued operations           0.02     (0.07)     0.35     (0.17)        Earnings (loss) per share,         diluted                         $0.04     $0.04     $1.06     $0.54      Weighted average number of      shares, basic                     19,590    21,202    19,996    20,872     Dilutive effect of stock options      and restricted stock                  65       579        73       639     Weighted average number of      shares, diluted                   19,655    21,781    20,069    21,511                                    MEDCATH CORPORATION                             CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS                          (In thousands, except share data)                                             September 30,     September 30,                                                 2008              2007                                             (Unaudited)           Current assets:            Cash and cash equivalents             $94,174          $140,276            Restricted cash                         3,154               -            Accounts receivable, net               84,791            85,943            Income tax receivable                   3,637               -            Medical supplies                       16,070            13,928            Deferred income tax assets              7,300            12,389            Prepaid expenses and other             current assets                         9,893             6,197            Current assets of             discontinued operations               19,856            22,832                 Total current assets             238,875           281,565          Property and equipment, net             323,780           270,663          Investments in affiliates                15,285             5,718          Goodwill                                 60,049            62,740          Other intangible assets, net              6,063             6,448          Other assets                              8,379             6,531          Long-term assets of           discontinued operations                    -              44,902                 Total assets                    $652,431          $678,567           Current liabilities:            Accounts payable                      $41,739           $30,933            Income tax payable                        -              10,552            Accrued compensation and             benefits                              16,885            18,567            Other accrued liabilities              23,663            13,421            Current portion of long-term             debt and obligations               under capital leases                31,920             4,089            Current liabilities of             discontinued operations               10,422            24,962                 Total current liabilities        124,629           102,524          Long-term debt                          115,628           146,398          Obligations under capital           leases                                   2,087             1,793          Deferred income tax           liabilities                             10,339            12,018          Other long-term obligations               3,691               460          Long-term liabilities of           discontinued components                    -                  13                 Total liabilities                256,374           263,206           Minority interest in equity of           consolidated subsidiaries               24,543            29,737           Stockholders' equity:            Preferred stock, $0.01 par             value, 10,000,000 shares             authorized; none issued                  -                 -            Common stock, $0.01 par             value, 50,000,000 shares             authorized; 21,553,054 issued             and 19,598,693 outstanding at             September 30, 2008;             21,271,144 issued and             21,202,244 outstanding at             September 30, 2007                       216               213            Paid-in capital                       457,160           447,688            Accumulated deficit                   (40,886)          (61,821)            Accumulated other             comprehensive loss                      (179)              (62)            Treasury stock, at cost;              68,900 shares at              September 30, 2007              1,954,361 shares at              September 30, 2008                  (44,797)             (394)                 Total stockholders' equity       371,514           385,624                 Total liabilities and                  stockholders' equity           $652,431          $678,567                                 MEDCATH CORPORATION                            SELECTED OPERATING DATA       (In thousands, except per share data and selected operating data)                                  (Unaudited)                                           Three Months Ended September 30,                                            2008        2007     % Change    Statement of Operations Data:   Net revenue                             $150,921    $145,084       4.0%   Adjusted EBITDA (1)                      $12,491     $22,743    (45.1)%   Income from operations                    $5,157     $14,405    (64.2)%   Income from continuing operations           $377      $2,453    (84.6)%   Earnings per share from continuing    operations, basic                         $0.02       $0.11    (81.8)%   Earnings per share from continuing    operations, diluted                       $0.02       $0.11    (81.8)%                                            Twelve Months Ended September 30,                                            2008        2007     % Change    Statement of Operations Data:   Net revenue                             $613,955    $660,603     (7.1)%   Adjusted EBITDA (1)                      $81,582     $97,672    (16.5)%   Income from operations                   $44,749     $59,488    (24.8)%   Income from continuing operations        $14,320     $15,251     (6.1)%   Earnings per share from continuing    operations, basic                         $0.71       $0.73     (2.7)%   Earnings per share from continuing    operations, diluted                       $0.71       $0.71        -     (1) See Supplemental Financial Disclosure--Reconciliation of GAAP       Financial Measures to Non-GAAP Financial Measures.                                              Three Months Ended September 30,                                           2008         2007      % Change    Selected Operating Data (a):   Number of hospitals                            7            7   Licensed beds ( c )                          509          421   Staffed and available beds ( d )             464          404   Admissions ( e )                           6,980        7,118     (1.9)%   Adjusted admissions ( f )                  9,976        9,622       3.7%   Patient days ( g )                        25,500       24,290       5.0%   Adjusted patient days ( h )               36,776       33,011      11.4%   Average length of stay (days) ( i )         3.65         3.41       7.0%   Occupancy ( j )                            59.7%        65.4%   Inpatient catheterization procedures    ( k )                                     3,735        3,904     (4.3)%   Inpatient surgical procedures ( l )        2,050        1,959       4.6%   Hospital net revenue                    $139,487     $133,215       4.7%    Selected Operating Data - Same    Facility (a):   Number of hospitals                            7            7   Licensed beds ( c )                          509          421   Staffed and available beds ( d )             464          404   Admissions ( e )                           6,980        7,118     (1.9)%   Adjusted admissions ( f )                  9,976        9,622       3.7%   Patient days ( g )                        25,500       24,290       5.0%   Adjusted patient days ( h )               36,776       33,011      11.4%   Average length of stay (days) ( i )         3.65         3.41       7.0%   Occupancy ( j )                            59.7%        65.4%   Inpatient catheterization procedures    ( k )                                     3,735        3,904     (4.3)%   Inpatient surgical procedures ( l )        2,050        1,959       4.6%   Hospital net revenue                    $139,487     $133,215       4.7%    Combined Operating Data (b):   Number of hospitals                            9            9   Licensed beds ( c )                          676          588   Staffed and available beds ( d )             629          567   Admissions ( e )                           9,997        9,779       2.2%   Adjusted admissions ( f )                 14,791       13,678       8.1%   Patient days ( g )                        34,732       32,748       6.1%   Adjusted patient days ( h )               51,281       45,697      12.2%   Average length of stay (days) ( i )         3.47         3.35       3.6%   Occupancy ( j )                            60.0%        62.8%   Inpatient catheterization procedures    ( k )                                     4,524        4,719     (4.1)%   Inpatient surgical procedures ( l )        2,666        2,645       0.8%   Hospital net revenue                    $179,296     $171,074       4.8%                                            Twelve Months Ended September 30,                                            2008        2007     % Change    Selected Operating Data (a):   Number of hospitals                            7           7   Licensed beds ( c )                          509         421   Staffed and available beds ( d )             464         404   Admissions ( e )                          29,360      35,373    (17.0)%   Adjusted admissions ( f )                 40,971      48,306    (15.2)%   Patient days ( g )                       107,353     120,556    (11.0)%   Adjusted patient days ( h )              150,559     164,131     (8.3)%   Average length of stay (days) ( i )         3.66        3.41       7.3%   Occupancy ( j )                            63.4%       81.8%   Inpatient catheterization procedures    ( k )                                    15,979      17,925    (10.9)%   Inpatient surgical procedures ( l )        8,383       9,481    (11.6)%   Hospital net revenue                    $565,787    $607,551     (6.9)%    Selected Operating Data - Same    Facility (a):   Number of hospitals                            7           7   Licensed beds ( c )                          509         421   Staffed and available beds ( d )             464         404   Admissions ( e )                          29,360      29,893     (1.8)%   Adjusted admissions ( f )                 40,971      39,375       4.1%   Patient days ( g )                       107,353     104,684       2.5%   Adjusted patient days ( h )              150,559     138,263       8.9%   Average length of stay (days) ( i )         3.66        3.50       4.6%   Occupancy ( j )                            63.4%       71.0%   Inpatient catheterization procedures    ( k )                                    15,979      17,299     (7.6)%   Inpatient surgical procedures ( l )        8,383       8,039       4.3%   Hospital net revenue                    $565,787    $546,539       3.5%    Combined Operating Data (b):   Number of hospitals                            9           9   Licensed beds ( c )                          676         588   Staffed and available beds ( d )             629         567   Admissions ( e )                          40,176      40,871     (1.7)%   Adjusted admissions ( f )                 58,669      55,585       5.5%   Patient days ( g )                       141,346     139,433       1.4%   Adjusted patient days ( h )              205,032     188,499       8.8%   Average length of stay (days) ( i )         3.52        3.41       3.2%   Occupancy ( j )                            61.6%       67.4%   Inpatient catheterization procedures    ( k )                                    19,148      20,557     (6.9)%   Inpatient surgical procedures ( l )       10,954      10,941       0.1%   Hospital net revenue                    $725,188    $695,530       4.3%     (a)  Selected operating data includes consolidated hospitals in operation        as of the end of the period reported in continuing operations but        does not include hospitals which are accounted for using the equity        method or as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial        statements.  Same facility for all periods presented excludes        Harlingen Medical Center.   (b)  Combined operating data includes hospitals in operation as of the end        of the period reported in continuing operations including hospitals        which are accounted for using the equity method in our consolidated        financial statements.   (c)  Licensed beds represent the number of beds for which the appropriate        state agency licenses a facility regardless of whether the beds are        actually available for patient use.   (d)  Staffed and available beds represent the number of beds that are        readily available for patient use at the end of the period.   (e)  Admissions represent the number of patients admitted for inpatient        treatment.   (f)  Adjusted admissions is a general measure of combined inpatient and        outpatient volume.  We computed adjusted admissions by dividing gross        patient revenue by gross inpatient revenue and then multiplying the        quotient by admissions.   (g)  Patient days represent the total number of days of care provided to        inpatients.   (h)  Adjusted patient days is a general measure of combined inpatient and        outpatient volume.  We computed adjusted patient days by dividing        gross patient revenue by gross inpatient revenue and then multiplying        the quotient by patient days.   (i)  Average length of stay (days) represents the average number of days        inpatients stay in our hospitals.   (j)  We computed occupancy by dividing patient days by the number of days        in the period and then dividing the quotient by the number of staffed        and available beds.   (k)  Inpatients with a catheterization procedure represent the number of        inpatients with a procedure performed in one of the hospitals'        catheterization labs during the period.   (l)  Inpatient surgical procedures represent the number of surgical        procedures performed on inpatients during the period.                                 MEDCATH CORPORATION      SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE - RECONCILIATION OF GAAP FINANCIAL                                    MEASURES                         TO NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES                                  (Unaudited)      The following table reconciles Adjusted EBITDA with MedCath's income     from continuing operations as derived directly from MedCath's     consolidated financial statements for the three and twelve months ended     September 30, 2008 and 2007.                                               Three Months      Twelve Months                                                Ended              Ended                                             September 30,      September 30,                                             2008     2007     2008     2007                                            (in thousands)    Income from continuing operations         $377   $2,453  $14,320  $15,251   Add:     Income tax expense                     1,670    2,022   10,587   11,903     Minority interest share of earnings      of consolidated subsidiaries          1,617    4,437   15,476   13,917     Equity in net earnings of      unconsolidated affiliates            (1,049)   2,922   (7,891)  (5,739)     Interest and other income, net          (100)  (1,568)  (2,043)  (7,843)     Loss on early extinguishment of debt     -        223      -      9,931     Interest expense                       2,642    3,916   14,300   22,068     (Gain) loss on disposal of property,      equipment and other assets             (143)     420      248    1,447     Amortization                             149      126      560      631     Depreciation                           7,670    6,748   30,261   31,236     Pre-opening expenses                     143      555      786      555     Share-based compensation expense        (485)     489    4,978    4,315   Adjusted EBITDA                        $12,491  $22,743  $81,582  $97,672       The following table presents MedCath's condensed statement of operations    data for the quarter and year ended September 30, 2007 on a pro forma    basis to reflect the reclassification of Harlingen Medical Center (HMC)    from a consolidated subsidiary to an equity method investment.                                           Three Months Ended September 30,                                              Adjustments to                                       2007   Deconsolidate  2007                                     (Actual)     HMC     (Pro Forma)  2008                                                  (in thousands)    Net Revenue                       $145,084     $-     $145,084   $150,921   Income from operations              14,405      -       14,405      5,157   Income from continuing operations    before minority interest     and income taxes                   8,912      -        8,912      3,664   Income from continuing operations    before income taxes                 4,475      -        4,475      2,047   Income from continuing operations    2,453      -        2,453        377   Net income (loss)                     $908     $-         $908       $721    Earnings (loss) per share, basic     $0.04     $-        $0.04      $0.04   Earnings (loss) per share, diluted   $0.04     $-        $0.04      $0.04    Weighted average number of shares,    basic                              21,202      -       21,202     19,590   Dilutive effect of stock options    and restricted stock                  579      -          579         65   Weighted average number of shares,    diluted                            21,781      -       21,781     19,655                                           Twelve Months Ended September 30,                                              Adjustments to                                       2007   Deconsolidate  2007                                     (Actual)     HMC     (Pro Forma)  2008                                                  (in thousands)    Net Revenue                        $660,603  $(61,012) $599,591  $613,955   Income from operations               59,488    (2,321)   57,167    44,749   Income from continuing operations    before minority interest     and income taxes                   41,071     1,191    42,262    40,383   Income from continuing operations    before income taxes                 27,154     1,191    28,345    24,907   Income from continuing operations    15,251     1,191    16,442    14,320   Net income (loss)                   $11,527    $1,191   $12,718   $21,242    Earnings (loss) per share, basic      $0.56     $0.06     $0.62     $1.06   Earnings (loss) per share, diluted    $0.54     $0.06     $0.60     $1.06    Weighted average number of shares,    basic                               20,872       -      20,872    19,996   Dilutive effect of stock options    and restricted stock                   639       -         639        73   Weighted average number of shares,    diluted                             21,511       -      21,511    20,069       The following table reflects the calculation of adjusted free cash flow    and adjusted free cash flow per diluted share. Free Cash Flows is    commonly defined as cash flows from continuing operations less capital    expenditures.  Management further adjusts the calculation of Free Cash    Flows in arriving at Adjusted Free Cash Flows by adjusting Free Cash    Flows to evenly disseminate interest payments paid twice a year.                                                              Three Months Ended                                                           September 30, 2008    Adjusted Free Cash Flow Per Share Calculation            (in thousands)     Cash flow from continuing operations                        $13,626    Adjustment for semi-annual coupon     payment                                                      2,517    Less: Non-expansion capital     expenditures                                                (8,022)    Adjusted free cash flow                                      $8,121     Diluted shares outstanding                                   19,655     Adjusted Free Cash Flow per diluted     share                                                        $0.41  

MedCath Corporation

CONTACT: O. Edwin French, President-Chief Executive Officer,+1-704-708-6600, or Jeff Hinton, Chief Financial Officer, +1-704-708-6600,both of MedCath Corporation

Web site: http://www.medcath.com/

Perceptronix to Exhibit at Toronto Academy of Dentistry Annual Winter Clinic

Perceptronix Medical Inc., an independent quantitative cytology laboratory specializing in early cancer detection tests, will be exhibiting at the Toronto Academy of Dentistry’s 71st Annual Winter Clinic on November 14, 2008 at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre. Perceptronix will be showcasing OralAdvance(TM), a new quantitative cytology test for the early detection of oral cancer, and demonstrating its use at booth 1112.

With recent advances in visualization techniques for the oral cavity, dentists are encountering more suspicious lesions. OralAdvance(TM), with its soft cyto-brush sample collection kit, provides dentists with an informative new option for assessing these lesions when biopsy is not warranted or possible. It provides an objective measure of gross DNA abnormality that can give additional information about the pre-malignant or malignant nature of a lesion.

About Perceptronix Medical Inc.

Perceptronix Medical Inc. (Vancouver, Canada) is a private laboratory and cancer diagnostics company specializing in the provision of innovative early cancer detection tests based on quantitative cytology. The Company’s DNA image cytometry technology was developed in partnership with the British Columbia Cancer Agency (Vancouver, Canada). Quantitative cytology provides physicians with an innovative cytopathology assessment based on an objective measure of large-scale DNA abnormality that can indicate precancerous or cancerous changes. In addition to general quantitative cytology services, the company has developed innovative tests for the early detection of lung cancer and oral cancer.

 Contacts: Perceptronix Medical Inc. Alexei Doudkine, PhD Director of Business Development (604) 629-8785 Email: [email protected]

SOURCE: Perceptronix Medical Inc.

New HIV Treatment May Also Slow Aging Process

A drug derived from a plant used in Chinese medicine has shown promising results in fighting HIV and has possible applications in slowing the aging process.

Scientists hope the drug may work to shorten telomeres, “caps” found at the end of chromosomes that get shorter as cells age.  The telomeres are believed to affect the lifespan of cells. These DNA caps can be regenerated with an enzyme known as telomerase, and although it has never been tested, some believe it might be possible to extend longevity by increasing telomerase production.

Rita Effros at the University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) has successfully used a drug that increases telomerase to improve the immune response to viruses.

In previous work, Effros and her colleagues inserted a portion of the telomerase gene into killer T-cells, immune cells that fight infections, and found that the drug had strengthened the anti-viral activity of these cells.  However, such gene therapy is not a sensible method to treat the millions of people infected with HIV.

In her current study, Effros took killer T-cells from HIV-infected people and exposed them to TAT2, a drug developed by Menlo Park, Calif.-based Geron Corporation that is believed to increase telomere production.  The drug is derived from the root extract of a plant called Astragalus, which is traditionally used in Chinese medicine to boost the immune system.  

Effros’ study found that TAT2 reduced telomere shortening, increased the ability of cells to divide, and supercharged their antiviral activity. Furthermore, this effect was blocked when a second drug was used to inhibit telomerase, suggesting that TAT2 was truly working through the enzyme.  However, the underlying mechanism that makes the drug work is not yet thoroughly understood.

“It is beginning to look like telomerase is doing more than just keeping telomeres from getting too short,” Effros told New Scientist magazine.

“It seems to be mediating some anti-viral mechanisms as well.”

Indeed, previous studies have found that people with HIV who go years without developing AIDS have killer T-cells with high telomerase activity and longer telomeres.

Ultimately, Effros hopes that TAT2 might be used as a supplement to existing anti-retroviral drugs to boost the immune systems of those with HIV.

Aubrey de Grey of the Methuselah Foundation, which promotes research into lifespan extension, praised the study as a significant step forward. 

“It is what we would have hoped,” he told New Scientist.

“We’ve thought for some time that, by activating telomerase in these cells, we could extend their proliferative capacity. What was completely unclear was whether that would [have negative side effects]. These cells become fully functional as a result of the restoration of their proliferative capacity.”

However, since telomerase is known to be produced at higher rates in cancer cells, there are some safety concerns that remain.

But on the positive side, when scientists added TAT2 to tumor cells they found it did not affect the amount of telomerase produced by those cells.  Furthermore, it produced no changes in the growth characteristics of immune cells that were incubated with a virus that can trigger cancer.

“We are fairly confident at this point that TAT2 won’t enhance cancer development,” Effros said, adding that she has increased confidence by the fact that Astragalus has been used without adverse effects in Chinese medicine.  However, she cautions that further trials are needed to confirm the results, and warns against taking large doses of Astragalus to attempt to replicate the TAT2 effect.

“Uncontrolled use of any herbal drug is not wise and I would not advocate it,” she said.

Effros and de Grey believe TAT2 might also find applications in other diseases and in general ageing.  For instance, killer T-cells fight many viruses besides HIV, and often enter into a state of anergy, in which they stop dividing but won’t die, in the elderly.

“One can envision perhaps improving the vaccine response and other anti-viral responses in the elderly by TAT2,” said Effros, referring to vaccine responses among the elderly that seem to correlate with high numbers of killer T-cells with short telomeres.

In reference to TAT 2 applications for more general tissue regeneration, she said: “if TAT2 can do what the telomerase gene seems to do by keeping cells growing and functioning longer, maybe it could help in tissue regeneration approaches to ageing.”

The study was published in the Journal of Immunology.

Image 1: Telomere caps. Telomeres are believed to affect the lifespan of cells. Courtesy U.S. Department of Energy Human Genome Program.

Image 2: Electron microscopic image of a single human “killer” T-cell (Image: US National Cancer Institute)

On the Net:

BioReliance Corporation Announces That Sarah Sheridan, Ph.D. Will Deliver a Poster Presentation at the 16th Annual European Society of Gene and Cell Therapy Conference

BioReliance Corporation announced today that Dr. Sarah Sheridan, a Scientific Director in BioReliance’s Glasgow, Scotland, facility, will deliver a poster presentation regarding her work in gene therapy biodistribution studies at the 16th Annual European Society of Gene and Cell Therapy conference to be held from November 13-16, 2008 in Bruges, Belgium.

BioReliance is a leading contract services company that provides biologics safety testing, toxicology, viral manufacturing and laboratory animal diagnostic services to the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries worldwide.

Dr. Sheridan’s presentation, entitled “Factors to Consider in Gene Therapy Biodistribution Studies,” highlights the role that biodistribution studies play in the regulatory safety evaluation of genetic vaccines. Genetic vaccine technology has become an important strategy for the development of therapies for currently untreatable diseases. The biodistribution studies that will be described during Dr. Sheridan’s presentation are designed to investigate integration or expression of the vaccine vector in the germ line, the persistence of the vector in the target tissue and the dissemination of the vector to non-target tissues.

Commenting on her upcoming presentation, Dr. Sheridan stated, “BioReliance is a world leader in developing the procedures for quantitative PCR assays in safety biodistribution studies. We use a combination of highly robust multi-well quantitative PCR technology and high-throughput nucleic acid extraction automated systems, which are the gold standard of biodistribution safety testing, to satisfy increasingly stringent regulatory guidelines in this important area of therapeutic innovation.”

The European Society of Gene and Cell Therapy is one of the world’s leading societies dedicated to the study of gene and cell transfer. Its annual conferences attract researchers from around the world who are advancing the use of gene transfer technologies in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including currently incurable life-threatening disorders.

About BioReliance

BioReliance is a leading specialist provider of cost-effective contract services to the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries, offering more than 1,000 tests or services related to biologics safety testing, in vitro and in vivo toxicology, viral manufacturing, GMP manufacturing, pre-clinical testing and lab animal health diagnostics. Founded in 1947 as Microbiological Associates, BioReliance is headquartered in Rockville, Maryland, and has primary facilities in Rockville, Glasgow, Scotland, and Stirling, Scotland, employing more than 700 people globally. For more information, visit www.bioreliance.com.

BioForce Nanosciences to Collaborate With University Pierre &Amp; Marie Curie

BioForce Nanosciences Holdings, Inc. (OTCBB: BFNH), a leader in systems integration at the micro- and nano-scales to create products for the life sciences, is pleased to announce that it has signed a scientific collaboration agreement with the University Pierre & Marie Curie (UPMC) and CNRS (Centre National de Recheche Scientifique) in Paris, France. Under the terms of this agreement, researchers from the laboratory of Dr. Fatiha Nothias will collaborate with BioForce to develop technologies, protocols, and products related to neural cell-based assays.

These proprietary assays will be created using the Nano eNabler(TM) molecular printer from BioForce, and they will allow scientists to study the structure, function, and microenvironments of neural cells. In particular, neural cell-based assays hold great promise as a platform for evaluating the therapeutic potential of new drug compounds and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and neural trauma.

Dr. Fatiha Nothias, Principal Investigator at UPMC, said, “This novel molecular micro-printing device appears to be a very useful and flexible technology to bring new insights into the cellular response processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, morphogenesis, and differentiation. In particular, we are focusing on axonal outgrowth in the nervous system, which is controlled by specific extracellular cues that exhibit a precise spatial and temporal distribution, allowing the axon to reach its target. Mimicking in vitro, at least partially, the in vivo environment, is a big challenge. Thus it is a great opportunity for us to collaborate with BioForce. We are very enthusiastic in using the Nano eNabler system to investigate how growth cones (highly motile distal tip of the neuronal axon) are sensing and are influenced by micropatterned substrates.”

BioForce’s Product Manager, Michael Lynch, said, “We have enjoyed working closely with Dr. Nothias and the UMPC over the past two years as they have pushed the capabilities of our Nano eNabler technology. This collaborative agreement emphasizes our continued interest in supporting cutting edge applications and bringing them to the market as novel products. The biomedical research community has made fantastic advances in a number of areas, however, there are still a great many unknowns in brain research, and deciphering that complexity represents a massive international effort and opportunity. As an example, there are nearly 40,000 members of the Society for Neuroscience working around the globe to unravel the mysteries of the human brain. We believe that our products are the type of tools that these researchers need in order to unlock the mysteries of the human brain, and develop therapies that more effectively treat neural disorders.”

On November 18, Dr. Fatiha Nothias will be presenting her most recent results at the Society for Neuroscience 2008 conference in Washington, DC. The title of her talk is “Micropatterned Adhesive Extracellular Matrix Substrates Reveal Specific Response of DRG Neuron Growth Cone.” BioForce Nanosciences will also be presenting a research poster at the same conference, titled, “Basolateral Activation of Neural Crest-Derived PC-12 Cells.” An electronic copy of this poster may be downloaded from the BioForce Resources Library after it has been presented. Representatives from BioForce will be available in the Society for Neuroscience exhibit hall at booth #1206.

BioForce Nanosciences will also be exhibiting at TERMIS 2008 (Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine International Society) in San Diego, CA on December 7-10, and the American Society for Cell Biology in San Francisco, CA on December 13-17.

For further information about this release please contact Greg Brown, Chief Financial Officer of BioForce at (515) 233-8333 ext. 118, or Rich Kaiser, Investor Relations at (800) 631-8127.

About BioForce Nanosciences Holdings, Inc.

BioForce Nanosciences creates products and solutions for the life sciences by integrating biological and mechanical systems at the micro and nano scales. BioForce’s flagship product, the Nano eNabler(TM) molecular printer, gives the Company and its customers a platform for development and discovery by printing tiny domains of biological materials on surfaces with nanometer spatial precision. BioForce technology is being used in areas such as biosensor functionalization; patterning and cell adhesion; and the printing of proteins to guide neural cell growth. For more information, visit www.bioforcenano.com or call 515-233-8333.

This news release contains forward-looking information that may be affected by certain risks and uncertainties, including those risks and uncertainties described in BioForce Nanosciences’ most recent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. BioForce Nanosciences’ actual results could differ materially from such forward-looking statements. BioForce assumes no duty to update these statements at any future date.

 Contacts:  Company Contact Gregory D. Brown Chief Financial Officer 515-233-8333 ext# 118 Email Contact  Investor Relations Yes International Rich Kaiser 800-631-8127  

SOURCE: BioForce Nanosciences Holdings, Inc.

Bonds.Com Strengthens Board With Proven Startup Expert

Bonds.com Group, Inc. (the “Company”) (OTCBB: BDCG) through its subsidiary Bonds.com, Inc., provider of an innovative comprehensive online trading platform providing execution, liquidity and competitive pricing to the fragmented fixed income marketplace, announced today that it has strengthened its Board of Directors by appointing Mr. David S. Bensol, effective November 7, 2008.

Beginning his career as a registered pharmacist, in 1979 David S. Bensol founded Newbridge Surgical Supply, Newbridge Pharmacy and MacroCare Medical Products, which he built over the course of 20 years into one of the largest privately held home medical equipment providers, acute care pharmacy providers and specialty support surface providers in the United States. During his career, he was involved in the startup of numerous other firms. In 2000 Mr. Bensol formed Classic HealthCare Solutions, Inc.; in 2002, Classic Health Care Solutions, Inc. was acquired and consolidated, forming Critical Home Care Inc. In 2003, as the CEO of Critical Home Care, Bensol raised $9.5 million in capital to execute on their business plan, which included the acquisition of Arcadia Services, a medical and industrial staffing company and mail service pharmacy with annual sales in excess of $75 million.

“We are excited to have David join the Board of Directors at Bonds.com Group, Inc.,” said John Barry, CEO and Chairman. “Having spent a lot of time with David over the recent months, it is clear why he has been so successful across multiple industries starting and rapidly growing companies. He brings a unique and no-nonsense approach to business. His diverse background will benefit our firm in the short and long term given his hands on style and desire to be an independent advisor. He asks the hard questions and does not accept second-rate answers. David has a proven track record of building shareholder value; his addition to the Board of Directors will undoubtedly benefit the firm.”

“Bonds.com is a uniquely positioned company with, in my opinion, a business model that will differentiate itself in the fixed income industry. It brings basic but solid tenants of specialized fixed income knowledge, technology to a very ‘dated’ industry,” stated Mr. Bensol. “In my opinion, Bonds.com’s no fee model, pricing and fixed income product suite makes it incredibly well positioned in the market for success. I am honored to be appointed to the Board of the Company. I look forward to working with this group of intelligent, talented and innovative individuals. I am committed to working with the team to help achieve all our goals and increasing shareholder value.”

To be added to the Bonds.com investor email list, please email [email protected] with BDCG in the subject line.

About Bonds.com Group, Inc.

Bonds.com Group, Inc. (OTCBB: BDCG), through its subsidiary Bonds.com, Inc., serves institutional and self-directed individual fixed income investors by providing a comprehensive zero subscription fee online trading platform. The company designed the BondStation platform to provide liquidity and competitive pricing to the fragmented Over-The-Counter (OTC) fixed income marketplace.

The Company differentiates itself by offering through its broker dealer Bonds.com, Inc., an inventory of over 30,000 fixed income securities from more than 175 competing dealers, as well as market research, investor tools, bond education and an interactive website experience. Asset classes currently offered on the BondStation fixed income trading platform include municipal bonds, corporate bonds, agency bonds, certificates of deposit (CDs) and U.S. Treasuries. With unmatched marketability of the domain name www.bonds.com, commitment to key advertising initiatives, experienced management team and seasoned account managers, Bonds.com, Inc. is poised to redefine the $29 trillion fixed income marketplace.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The information contained herein includes forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements since they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which are, in some cases, beyond our control and which could, and likely will, materially affect actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Any forward-looking statement reflects our current views with respect to future events and is subject to these and other risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to our operations, results of operations, growth strategy and liquidity. We assume no obligation to publicly update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future. The safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 protects companies from liability for their forward-looking statements if they comply with the requirements of the Act.

 CONTACT:  Cirrus Financial Communications, LLC Justin K. Davis (877) 880-BDCG (2324) [email protected]www.CirrusFC.com

SOURCE: Bonds.com Group, Inc.

American Academy of Dermatology

NEW YORK, Nov. 13 /PRNewswire/ — In the emotional rollercoaster of life, sometimes the “down” periods have long-lasting effects on more than just our mood. In fact, numerous studies link factors that impact our emotional well-being — such as stress, depression and anxiety — to an increase in skin, hair or nail problems. Now, dermatologists are advising patients to recognize these secondary symptoms and to seek treatment early before they cause additional stress.

Speaking today at the American Academy of Dermatology’s skin academy (Academy), dermatologist and clinical psychologist Richard G. Fried, MD, PhD, FAAD, of Yardley, Pa., discussed the reciprocal relationship between feelings and appearance, and how failing to address these concerns can affect how we look, feel and function.

“When patients are going through a rough period in their lives, negative emotions can wreak havoc on their appearance,” said Dr. Fried. “So, as a result, patients might start to notice that their hair is thinning, their skin is inflamed or their nails are brittle — which can be physical manifestations of their mental state. These unwanted physical changes can have a profoundly negative impact on how they feel. The negative emotions can trigger a vicious cycle of worsening skin, hair and nails leading to worsening of their emotional state and can lead to further worsening of the skin problem. Dermatologists can play a key role in helping patients not only alleviate these physical symptoms, but also help enhance their quality of life during a difficult time.”

Psychodermatology Interventions

Stress can manifest itself on one’s appearance in many ways, primarily by making the skin more sensitive and more reactive. For example, Dr. Fried noted that stress can make rosacea more red, result in acne lesions that are more inflamed and more persistent, cause brittle nails and ridging of the nails, cause hair loss, cause or worsen hives, and cause excessive perspiration. In addition, stress also is a known trigger or can be a worsening factor for fever blisters, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and has even been shown to impair skin barrier function and dehydrate the skin — allowing more irritants, allergens, and infectious agents to penetrate the skin and cause problems. Stressed skin often appears stressed, distressed and older.

“When it comes to treating patients who we suspect may be experiencing skin, hair or nail problems as a result of stress or other emotional factors, it is helpful to ask them whether their skin seems to look or feel worse when they are stressed,” said Dr. Fried. “Beyond the direct physiological effects of stress, patients under stress also tend to neglect or abuse their skin, lacking the energy and motivation to adhere to their skin care regimens. There also might be signs of stress-related behaviors — such as scratching, pulling or rubbing — that can exacerbate problems.”

To successfully treat stress-related dermatologic conditions, Dr. Fried recommends that traditional dermatologic therapies should be used in conjunction with appropriate stress management strategies. For example, Dr. Fried discussed how stress reduction interventions and techniques can reduce the culmination of negative events that can worsen many of these problems.

To illustrate the seriousness of living with skin problems, Dr. Fried points to studies showing that people tend to be more distressed by skin, hair or nail problems since they are so visible and uncomfortable, than by other serious medical conditions, such as heart disease or diabetes.

“When dermatologists treat both the skin and stress, the skin often clears more quickly and completely as the native influences of stress are diminished,” said Dr. Fried. “Consequently, their overall anxiety level can decrease and they may start to feel better about how they look and how they’re feeling emotionally.”

Moving to the microscopic level, Dr. Fried added that stress reduction can decrease the release of pro-inflammatory stress hormones and chemicals. For example, release of neuropeptides (or stress chemicals released from the nerve endings) can be reduced with stress management techniques. This often results in skin that looks and functions better. These interventions can reduce blood vessel over-activity, resulting in less blushing or flushing. Decreasing stress allows the patient to focus more positive energy on good skin care rather than negative behaviors.

“It is fair to say that when people are under stress, they tend to ‘fall off the wagon’ in terms of practicing good skin care,” said Dr. Fried. “They may not use their sunscreen or their skin care products when they’re feeling stressed, because all of their energy and focus is being diverted by their ongoing stress. They also might not be eating or sleeping as well or staying hydrated, which all can contribute to a dull or lack-luster appearance.”

With accurate diagnoses by a dermatologist, effective treatments improve the appearance and function of the skin. This alone can substantially reduce patients’ stress and improve their skin, hair and nail conditions. However, Dr. Fried noted that if stress is clearly interfering with patients’ overall well-being and ability to cope, simultaneous stress management interventions are warranted. In some instances, referral to a mental health professional who has an interest and understanding of skin problems may be warranted.

Cosmetic Interventions

While skin rejuvenation procedures have been shown to significantly improve a person’s outward appearance, studies suggest these types of cosmetic interventions also can have positive effects on how people feel and how they function.

“When people feel more attractive and more confident in their appearance, they tend to perform better in other areas of their lives — in their work, family life, social life, and marriage or personal relationships,” explained Dr. Fried. “Under the right circumstances, cosmetic procedures can be a powerful ally. But it’s important for patients to understand that these procedures are not a panacea. Realistic expectations are the key to effectively delivered promises.”

Currently, Dr. Fried is analyzing data from a 2008 study designed to measure the positive ripple effects of botulinum toxin injections on other aspects of patients’ lives. In this study, 76 middle-aged patients were treated with one botulinum toxin injection and then asked to complete a questionnaire during their follow-up visit to gauge how they felt following the procedure.

“The results of our study clearly showed that patients treated with botulinum toxin experienced substantial benefits,” said Dr. Fried. “In fact, 29 percent reported feeling less anxious, 36 percent said they feel more relaxed, and 49 percent were more optimistic. Even a portion of patients diagnosed with seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, prior to treatment reported they felt less sadness during the winter following botulinum toxin injection.”

A previous study conducted by Dr. Fried evaluated the clinical and psychological effects of the use of alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) in 32 patients. After 12 weeks, patients demonstrated significant improvements in facial skin tone and fine wrinkling, and reported satisfaction with their physical appearance and the quality of their interpersonal relationships.

“The results of these two studies echo observations of recognized experts from around the world — that cosmetic interventions can improve a patient’s self-image and help them feel better about themselves,” added Dr. Fried. “Feeling stressed, depressed or anxious is exhausting, and patients who report improvements in these negative feelings following a cosmetic procedure can use that redirected energy to pursue new interests that can enhance their lives.”

For proper diagnosis and treatment of any skin, hair or nail conditions, Dr. Fried advised patients to consult their dermatologist to determine the root of the problem and discuss the potential benefits of any treatment.

Headquartered in Schaumburg, Ill., the American Academy of Dermatology (Academy), founded in 1938, is the largest, most influential, and most representative of all dermatologic associations. With a membership of more than 15,000 physicians worldwide, the Academy is committed to: advancing the diagnosis and medical, surgical and cosmetic treatment of the skin, hair and nails; advocating high standards in clinical practice, education, and research in dermatology; and supporting and enhancing patient care for a lifetime of healthier skin, hair and nails. For more information, contact the Academy at 1-888-462-DERM (3376) or http://www.aad.org/.

American Academy of Dermatology

CONTACT: Jennifer Allyn, +1-847-240-1730, [email protected], or AllisonSit, +1-847-240-1746, [email protected], both of American Academy of Dermatology

Web site: http://www.aad.org/

 

Intel’s Health Guide Puts Telehealth in the Spotlight

Intel has entered the healthcare market in full force with the announcement of its Intel Health Guide product. However, a closer look at the ‘personal health system’ reveals it to be something of a disappointment. Although Intel’s entrance into the telehealth space will bring much needed attention to the emerging technology, the company’s success in this competitive new arena remains to be seen.

Intel’s entry into the healthcare market through its Intel Health Guide product sees it following in the footsteps of other technology giants like Microsoft and Google. The so-called ‘personal health system’ connects patients to their providers from the comfort of their own homes, while simultaneously allowing patients to increase their communication with clinicians. Rather than traveling to see their doctor, patients connect to Intel’s Health Guide, measure vital signs, comment on their health status and send these data points to a doctor or nurse for review on a consistent basis.

Intel’s product also includes health education content, video conferencing calling, a calendar and reminder functions. The hope is that daily patient monitoring will keep patients healthy and outside of the hospital, resulting in better care for patients and lower costs for the healthcare system. Intel, aware that this needs to be verified, also announced a number of pilots to study the clinical outcomes of using the Health Guide solution.

Intel is not the first, nor will it be the last, to enter the telehealth space. Telehealth – the use of a digital network to monitor and/or treat patients in a different physical location than the medical expert – is an emerging market that, according to Datamonitor, is expected to grow at a five year compound annual growth rate of 56%.

However, despite this high growth rate and the potential benefits of telehealth, established vendors in this space (including Honeywell HomMed, McKesson and Philips, to name only a few) have been faced with a number of obstacles including reimbursement and resistance from providers. Nevertheless, with Intel’s entrance into the market, the focus on telehealth will undoubtedly increase. If this increased focus translates into greater adoption of telehealth, then all vendors in this space will benefit.

A closer look at the Intel Health Guide is disappointing, however. Despite years of investment in the product, it does not “go beyond the simple remote patient monitoring systems available today” as it claims to do. Other remote patient monitoring devices transmit vital signs and health status information to providers just as the Health Guide does. What is most baffling about this product is the need for a laptop specifically for telehealth. It is doubtful that patients will want to buy a separate device for health education content and video conferencing when these are increasingly already accessible on regular computers. From search engines to health-specific websites like MayoClinic.com (from which Intel is pulling its content), more information is available online than could be delivered through the Health Guide. While one could argue that the information provided on the Health Guide is more accurate and relevant to the patient, it is coming straight from an online website: patients could just as easily go directly there to retrieve the information.

Furthermore, as video conferencing grows – Google, for example, has just added voice and video capabilities to its Gmail chat function – Intel’s Health Guide’s unique characteristic will become less of a differentiator. Today, the laptop may be an easy interface for less technologically savvy elderly patients to use, but as the elderly population becomes more adept at using computers, there will be little use for another piece of equipment in the home. Telehealth solutions are also not just for the elderly, but for the chronically ill of all ages and for those with a focus on wellness and prevention. As such, a product that focuses exclusively on the elderly excludes a large segment of the market.

Intel’s Health Guide deserves credit for bringing many different health components together for the first time, but Datamonitor expects that it will become easier to do what the Health Guide already does, at a lower cost and with less equipment, in the near future. The company’s announcement is an exciting milestone for the telehealth market as it brings increased publicity to an important, but not often recognized, technology. However, Intel’s success in this competitive space remains to be seen.

Christine Chang

Emergisoft Corporation’s Software Attains Conditional CCHIT Certified (R) 08 Emergency Department Certification

The Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology (CCHIT (R)) announced yesterday that Emergisoft Corporation’s product, EmergisoftED Version 5.1, is a pre-market, conditionally CCHIT Certified (R) 08 Emergency Department Certification. Pre-market, conditionally certified Emergency Department Information Systems (EDIS) are new products that are fully certified once their operational use at an Emergency Department has been verified. EDISs are designed to automate and streamline workflow and provide patients with more efficient and improved quality of care in the Emergency Department (ED).

EmergisoftED is among the first group of EDIS products to be CCHIT Certified. “The Commission has raised the bar again for 08,” said Mark Leavitt, M.D., Ph.D., chair of CCHIT. “New this year is our certification of Emergency Department EHRs, and certified ED systems have undergone a rigorous testing process tailored to this demanding care setting.”

The Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology is a private non-profit organization recognized by the federal government as an official certification body for healthcare information technology (HIT) products. CCHIT Certification compliance criteria and its design for a Certification inspection process have been thoroughly researched, taking into account the state of the art of health IT products and available standards, and comparing Certification processes in other industries and other countries.

Emergisoft’s emergency department software, EmergisoftED Version 5.1, is a complete Web browser-based solution that automates each step of the patient management and documentation process in the Emergency Department. EmergisoftED supports hospitals’ management and medical staff goals of working more efficiently, cost effectively and enhancing a patient’s experience, while ensuring privacy in accordance with HIPAA.

Joseph J. DeSilva, Emergisoft’s Chief Executive Officer, said, “We believe CCHIT certification demonstrates the quality of our product and commitment to supporting our customers in achieving the highest standards of patient care possible. Emergisoft provides a system that is designed exclusively for the high demand, fast paced emergency department environment. We are proud and honored to be certified by CCHIT.”

About Emergisoft

Emergisoft Corporation, founded in 1990, is a leader in Emergency Department Information Systems (EDIS) providing emergency departments a blend of specialized software tools and clinical expertise to help manage workflow and analyze operations. Emergisoft’s industry-leading technology and comprehensive feature set enables more efficient team-based care while creating a highly personalized user experience. Learn more about how our suite of healthcare information solutions can assist your organization today at www.emergisoft.com or call 1-800-682-7729.

 Contact: Erin Melson Phone: 817-855-1021  

SOURCE: Emergisoft Corporation

TeleHealth Services’ TIGR(R) Interactive Patient Education System Facilitates Award-Winning Results at Northridge Hospital Medical Center

NORTHRIDGE, Calif., Nov. 13 /PRNewswire/ — Northridge Hospital Medical Center (Northridge) credits TeleHealth Services’ TIGR on-demand education system as “the cornerstone” for the organization’s recent awards and top accreditation, all of which reflect Northridge’s commitment to ensure patient comfort as its medical experts provide superior levels of service excellence.

A 411-bed not-for-profit acute care facility located in Northridge, CA, Northridge recently announced it had earned the Gold Seal of Approval(TM) from The Joint Commission. Additionally, it has won 19 Avatar International awards for service excellence this year. TIGR played an integral role in more than doubling the service, quality of care and patient education scores.

“Our TIGR system serves as the cornerstone for our facility’s drive for exemplary service,” said Ruth Gonsoski, Perinatal Program Manager at Northridge, about the TeleHealth Services System. “Our on-demand education system provided the platform for winning all 19 Avatar awards for service, quality of care and patient education excellence throughout the hospital. Since the implementation of our TIGR system, our Obstetrics unit specifically won the award for the most improved unit for exemplary service in 2007. This was the only obstetrics unit recognized out of 283 hospitals considered for the award.”

Since the TIGR rollout four years ago, Northridge’s Obstetrics unit has experienced the largest jump in service scores within the hospital.

TIGR Exceeded Expectations

When Northridge, long known for revolutionizing healthcare, began looking to adopt an interactive patient education solution, their intent was to provide improved customer service and patient care while adding efficiency to clinical workflows. After a review of options, Northridge chose TeleHealth Services, the leading U.S. provider of interactive patient education systems, as its partner in patient education. TeleHealth’s TIGR system exceeded Northridge’s patient education needs, providing workflow efficiencies that allowed Northridge to develop and implement custom educational content. TIGR was the only platform that offered a three-tiered integrated solution for future expansion of the system. TeleHealth’s support, maintenance and financing services provided ancillary services that Northridge coveted in a business partnership.

The TIGR System assisted the unit with additional educational resources, and a greater assurance that mothers and newborns have the best opportunity to achieve the most successful conversion from the hospital to the home environment. Northridge also developed custom content that was implemented into the system on topics helpful for the transition. The evidence-based educational content included information to encourage and educate mothers about breastfeeding their infants, a growing state initiative within the information about effective neonatal care.

According to Gonsoski, in the four years since the TIGR System was introduced at Northridge, patient satisfaction scores for the Obstetrics unit have doubled due to the system’s ability to better empower the patients during their recovery process. This marked increase in patient satisfaction and “five-star” rating for high standards of patient care was accomplished by utilizing TIGR’s video content as a portion of their overall educational efforts.

Additionally, the TIGR System assisted Northridge in focusing on strategic objectives for operations and staff retention. The TIGR system exponentially enabled workflow improvements not previously possible, such as allowing nurses and clinicians to be able to spend more time at the bedside for patient interaction about their conditions. This reduction in non-clinical requests allowed clinicians to more thoroughly educate patients, reducing the probability of re-admissions. These efficiencies increased the hospital’s reputation of being a trusted provider of health information and services in the community.

TeleHealth Services Senior VP and General Manager Dan Nathan said, “Northridge Hospital Medical Center shares our commitment of educational achievement. Our partnership benefited greatly from exchanging information and ideas, and jointly addressing best practices to achieve increased levels of care and educational excellence. By partnering with facilities on regulatory standards and educational efforts, our TIGR system can facilitate large gains in service excellence while minimizing non-clinical workloads.”

About TeleHealth Services:

TeleHealth Services, headquartered in Raleigh, NC, is the nation’s leading provider of integrated communications solutions for the healthcare market: bedside access to entertainment, education and services; patient and staff video-on-demand education systems; hospital-grade televisions and accessories; education and entertainment content; system installation, maintenance and financing services. TeleHealth Services is a division of Telerent Leasing Corporation, which has been headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina, since its founding in 1957. Telerent itself is a wholly-owned subsidiary of ITOCHU International, Inc., a U.S. company based in New York City and Global 500 corporation.

For more information on TeleHealth, call 800-733-8610, or visit at http://www.telehealth.com/.

   Contact:   Matt Barker   Director of Marketing   TeleHealth Services   919-772-8604   [email protected]  

TeleHealth Services

CONTACT: Matt Barker, Director of Marketing of TeleHealth Services,+1-919-772-8604, [email protected]

Web Site: http://www.telehealth.com/

AmeriHealth NJ Earns State’s Top Ratings for Customer Service, Quality-of-Care in New HMO Performance Report

AmeriHealth New Jersey is the state’s top-rated health plan for both Customer Service and Quality-of-Care, according to the 12th annual New Jersey HMO Performance Report, released by the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance (DOBI).

The HMO Performance Report contains information on the performance of New Jersey’s HMOs, how well these HMOs deliver important health care services, and how members rate the services they receive. It is designed to provide both consumers and employers information on the quality of New Jersey’s HMOs and the coverage they provide.

“A lot of industry metrics gauge HMO and Point-of-Service (POS) plan performance, but our customers consistently tell us they care most about quality of service and quality of care,” said Judith L. Roman, president and CEO of AmeriHealth New Jersey. “AmeriHealth’s associates work closely with our customers every day to learn how we can continually surpass their expectations, and we’re proud that they rate us as the best in New Jersey for service and care.”

AmeriHealth’s HMO and POS plans emerged with the most-satisfied customers in multiple categories of preventive care and treatment (as determined by the percentage of members ranking their HMO’s performance as a “9” or “10” on an overall 1-10 scale, with “10” representing the best-possible grade. In addition to the highest ratings for Customer Service and Quality-of-Care (referred to in the report as Rating of Health Care), AmeriHealth is also the highest-rated carrier in related categories including Rating of Personal Doctor, Getting Needed Care and How Well Doctors Communicate, and shares the highest rating for Getting Care Quickly.

Laurie Labaska, director of human resources for RadPharm, an international, 300-employee health care technology company headquartered in Princeton, remarked that AmeriHealth’s level of customer service distinguishes the carrier.

“When you’re operating in a globally competitive business your employees are truly your most important asset, and we view the selection of a health insurance carrier as one of the most important choices we make on their behalf,” said Labaska. “For five years, AmeriHealth has been the optimal insurance carrier for us. Our employees rave about the personalized service they receive and their access to high-quality care throughout the region. RadPharm is proud of our ongoing partnership with AmeriHealth.”

Note to editors: You can access the full HMO Performance Report at: www.state.nj.us/dobi/lifehealthactuarial/hmo2008/index.html.

About AmeriHealth

AmeriHealth New Jersey provides health care coverage to nearly 230,000 New Jersey residents. The company’s contracted hospital and physician network includes thousands of physicians at 76 hospitals throughout its service area. Its HMO and POS plans are New Jersey’s top-rated health plans based on the highest ratings for customer service and quality-of-care in the 2008 New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance HMO Performance Report.

AmeriHealth New Jersey has offices in Mt. Laurel and Iselin. The company’s managed care plan, AmeriHealth HMO Inc. of New Jersey, has received the highest possible accreditation by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) by meeting NCQA’s rigorous evaluation standards. AmeriHealth New Jersey is part of AmeriHealth, Inc, a growing group of insurance and health care companies whose product portfolio includes health insurance, workers’ compensation, property and casualty insurance, and management services. For more information on AmeriHealth, visit our website at www.amerihealth.com.

Hudson Fitness Products to Launch New Stationary Bike Lines

DALLAS, Nov. 13 /PRNewswire/ — Hudson Fitness Products, well known among medical and physical therapy practitioners, is expanding its product line to high-traffic fitness, institutional and school environments. The company announced the introduction of its stationary bike products today.

The experience and expertise developed in the medical arena is found in the two new product lines designed for high-traffic facilities. The first is the HEC 3200, an upright stationary bike and the HEC 3500, the recumbent model. These bikes feature:

   -- Ergonomic design, for a user-friendly workout   -- Self-contained fitness computer with LCD display and hand-grip heart      rate technology   -- 5 - 300 watts of work load   -- User weight capacity of up to 350 pounds    

The second stationary bicycle line to be introduced is the HEC 400, an upright model and the HEC 400R, the recumbent model. These bikes feature:

   -- A belt-driven, self-powered generator system   -- Self-contained fitness computer with hand-grip and wireless telemetry      heart rate technology   -- 5 - 400 watts of work load   -- Sturdy construction that can handle 350 pounds of weight    

Both of the new Hudson stationary bicycle lines have a 3-year warranty on parts and a 1-year warranty on labor.

Hudson Fitness Products is owned by Source Brands, Inc. The National Sales Manager, Tim Duffey noted, “The challenges of a tough economy have encouraged institutional fitness facility managers to demand value in any new purchase. Our Hudson Fitness products combine rugged construction and a wide range of functionality with some of the best prices in the marketplace. We believe that our customers will find this value very compelling.”

For more information on Hudson Fitness Products, visit http://www.hudsonfitness.com/. For information on other Source Brands products, email [email protected].

Hudson Fitness Products

CONTACT: Art Young, +1-972-644-8403, [email protected], for HudsonFitness Products

Web site: http://www.hudsonfitness.com/

Lucerne Half and Half Recalled in Canada

The Canadian Food Inspection Agency is warning people allergic to eggs not to eat Lucerne-brand 10 percent half and half cream due to a labeling error.

The CFIA said Lucerne Foods, a division of Canada Safeway Ltd., is voluntarily recalling the product because it might contain egg proteins not declared on its label, thereby posing a health risk for people allergic to eggs.

The federal agency said the recalled “Lucerne 10% Half and Half Cream” is sold in 1-liter paper cartons bearing a best before date of “NO26” and UPC 0 58200 07825 1. The product was distributed in Alberta, Saskatchewan and British Columbia.

Consumers with questions can contact the company 403-730-3508.

Traxtal Introduces PercuNav 2.0 Image Guidance Software at RSNA 2008

TORONTO, Nov. 13 /PRNewswire/ — Traxtal Inc, the pioneer and world leader in image guided soft tissue navigation, will showcase its PercuNav(TM) 2.0 software for the PercuNav system at the Radiological Society of North America’s 94th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting. Traxtal’s PercuNav system is the only computer assisted, image-guided diagnostic and interventional system cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for all imaging modalities, and is the only such system that features a broad range of flexible and rigid “tip-tracked” instruments. It is also the only commercially available soft tissue navigation system with tracked instrumentation that provides the option of navigation with multimodal image fusion with any single modality, such as CT or ultrasound imaging.

Neil Glossop, PhD, Traxtal President, said, “CT and MR images provide physicians with terrific tools for identifying areas of interest but are often impractical for navigation purposes. Ultrasound is a great live imaging modality but images can be difficult to interpret. We set out to combine all available imaging data with real time tracking of the tips of flexible instruments on one screen to allow the physician to accurately target and navigate directly to areas of interest with confidence. We are delighted with the extremely positive physician response to the PercuNav.”

The PercuNav system consists of the Traxtal Tx(TM) mobile system cart, PercuNav software, and a wide range of instruments including flexible needles, biopsy devices and RFA introducers. Using minute electro-magnetic sensors embedded in the tips of these instruments, the software superimposes the precise, real-time location and orientation of the instruments on pre- operative and live images of the patient. The system also incorporates advanced techniques for compensating for patient motion and respiration. It acts like a GPS system for medical instruments, and is the only such product available that allows accurate tracking of flexible instrument tips inside a patient’s anatomy.

The PercuNav system also delivers powerful solutions for diagnostic imaging. Physicians can identify and mark areas of interest on CT or MR scans which can then be overlaid with live ultrasound for diagnostic scanning. This allows areas of interest to be quickly located and compared under both imaging modalities, while compensating for patient motion and respiration. It provides interventional radiologists and sonographers with the broadest image fusion capabilities available for soft tissue navigation.

This system’s capabilities are strengthened with the new, PercuNav 2.0 software.

    *  PercuNav 2.0 provides for greater ease-of-use with a more streamlined,       intuitive user interface.    *  PercuNav 2.0 increases the system's data import options to include       PET/CT and 3D volumes created from rotational fluoroscopy       acquisitions.    *  PercuNav 2.0 adds a Digital Navigation Link to Philips' iU22       intelligent ultrasound system, resulting in higher quality imaging and       improved workflow.    *  It also allows clinicians to download segmented CT volumes and target       plans from Philips' Extended Brilliance Workspace to the PercuNav       system for use in the planning and delivery of therapy.    *  And it adds several new instruments to the extensive range of tracked       instrumentation already supported by the system.  

“Developed with feedback from our clinical community, PercuNav 2.0 was designed to enhance the PercuNav system’s ease-of-use, clinical utility, and connectivity with popular imaging technologies,” said Dr. Glossop. “We believe that our technology can improve the accuracy of interventional procedures with less time spent in CT, enabling the reduction of CT-suite costs while delivering excellent patient care.”

Traxtal is committed to providing seamless compatibility with all major vendors’ imaging systems

Traxtal will begin to ship PercuNav systems with the 2.0 software in the first quarter of 2009.

Traxtal is in Booth 9539 in the North Building, Hall B of McCormick Place in Chicago for RSNA’s annual meeting, which will be held from November 30 to December 5, 2008.

For more information, please visit the company’s website at http://www.traxtal.com/.

About Traxtal Inc

Traxtal, headquartered in Toronto, Canada, is the world leader and proven pioneer in the innovation, development and manufacture of computer assisted soft tissue navigation technologies. Introduced in 2007, its PercuNav system is the only image-guided diagnostic and interventional system cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for all imaging modalities, and the only such system that features a broad range of flexible and rigid instruments. Traxtal was founded in 1996 to focus exclusively on the advanced design of instrumentation for image guided interventions, and has extensive experience in image guided intervention as an OEM supplier of custom designed tools since 1997.

    Company Contact:    Natasha Glossop    Chief Operating Officer    Traxtal Inc    416/603-8349     Media:    Steve DiMattia    EVC Group, Inc.    646/201-5445  

Traxtal Inc

CONTACT: Natasha Glossop, Chief Operating Officer of Traxtal Inc,+1-416-603-8349; or Media, Steve DiMattia of EVC Group, Inc., +1-646-201-5445,for Traxtal Inc

Web site: http://www.traxtal.com/